延迟播种对不同熟期类型油菜新品种产量及相关因子的影响

为了探索湘东地区延迟播种对不同熟期类型油菜品种产量及相关因子的影响,选择湖南省主推的早熟型沣油112、中早熟型捷油8848、中熟型沣油789油菜新品种在浏阳北盛镇开展3个播期的生产试验。结果表明,3个播期的不同熟期品种均能于4月下旬至5月上旬成熟;3个品种M1、M2的生育期相同,而M3的熟期延迟5~7 d,其中捷油8848的3个播期生育期及积温与沣油789的相同;随着播期的推迟,各品种的株高、一次有效分枝数、有效角果数呈下降趋势;3个播期的平均单产M1低于预期、M2最高,M3最低;3个不同熟期类型品种,中熟型沣油789受播期延迟影响较大,产量水平随播期延迟而显著下降,中早熟型捷油8848对播期延迟的敏感性未达到显著水平,而早熟型沣油112以M2的产量水平最高,显著高于M1和M3。

Different Foliar Fertilizer Treatments Affect the Yield and Quality of Brassica napus L.for Both Vegetable and Oil Dual-Use Rape

Field experiments were carried out to study the effect of different foliar fertilizer treatments on the agronomic traits,yield,and quality of Brassica napus L.for both vegetable and oil dual-use rape.The seedlings of‘Youtai 929’,‘Jinyoutai 1’,and‘Zhongshuang 11’were sprayed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate,naphthylacetic acid,and selenium fertilizer,and the agronomic traits,yield,and quality were determined.The results showed that the naphthylacetic acid treatment had the highest indexes before winter,followed by the selenium fertilizer treatment.At the harvesting stage,the plant height,number of siliquae,yield per plant,and number of effective branches on the main stem of the three varieties were the highest in the naphthylacetic acid treatment,followed by those in the potassium dihydrogen phosphate treatment.The fresh shoot quality was the best in the selenium fertilizer treatment and the second in the naphthylacetic acid treatment.‘Jinyoutai 1’applied with naphthylacetic acid had the highest economic benefit of 4971.78 CNY/667m2,which was 642.32 CNY/667m2 higher than that of the control.The findings suggested that naphthylacetic acid was suitable to be used as the foliar fertilizer for the seedlings of B.napus varieties for both vegetable and oilseed,and the additional application of selenium fertilizer demonstrated better effect.

快腐剂处理还田早稻秸秆对晚季土壤化学与生物学特性的影响

为了给水稻秸秆快腐剂处理技术提供理论依据,通过大田试验方法,在湖南长沙双季稻田研究了2种快腐剂(腐秆灵、腐解菌)处理早稻还田秸秆对晚稻田土壤化学与生物学特性的影响。结果表明:与未经处理的秸秆还田处理相比,秸秆快腐剂处理对土壤养分含量具有显著影响,主要表现为提高土壤全N含量和速效K含量(齐穗期之前),降低土壤碱解氮含量;秸秆快腐剂对土壤主要酶活性具有明显影响,但这种影响与土壤酶种类、快腐剂种类及水稻生育时期有关;水稻齐穗前快腐剂处理微生物活度低于对照,而齐穗后显著高于对照;秸秆快腐剂影响土壤微生物数量,整体表现是真菌数量减少,细菌数量增加,而放线菌数量变化与快腐剂种类有关,腐解菌处理增加而腐秆灵处理减少。2种秸秆快腐剂比较,腐解菌在提高土壤主要酶活性、提高微生物活度、提高土壤养分含量等方面均优于腐秆灵,从而为提高水稻产量打下了基础。

桃江县双季稻高产创建综合技术措施与应用

双季稻高产创建综合技术的应用,作为促进粮食生产持续发展的重大举措,为促进粮食增产、农业增效、农民节本增收做出了积极贡献,为桃江县粮食生产持续稳定发展提供了有力支撑。总结了桃江县双季稻高产创建实施效果,阐述了双季稻高产创建综合技术的措施,分析了该技术推广过程存在的问题,并提出了相应对策。

桃江县农业气象灾害分析及其应对措施

在分析桃江县近年出现的主要农业灾害的基础上,通过对光、热、水条件,农业基础设施,耕地利用障碍因素等形成农业灾害的主要因素的分析,提出了防灾减灾的措施:调整农业种植结构,保护和提升耕地地力,运用科技防灾避灾减灾,加强基础设施建设。