A field study on thermal comfort was conducted in university dormitories in Chongqing,China,which was transverse with monthly from August 2008 to April 2009. A total of 1 572 returned questionnaires were collected. Th...A field study on thermal comfort was conducted in university dormitories in Chongqing,China,which was transverse with monthly from August 2008 to April 2009. A total of 1 572 returned questionnaires were collected. Thermal comfort variables were measured,at the same time students answered a survey on their indoor climate sensation. The thermal environment parameters,i.e.,indoor air temperature,air relative humidity,air velocity and outdoor air temperature were measured. The subjective survey investigated thermal sensation and preference using subjective scales. Objective data analysis shows that the indoor environments in university dormitories in Chongqing cannot meet 80% acceptability criteria prescribed by ASHRAE Standard 55. The ranges of accepted temperature are 21.5?28.5 ℃ in summer and 14.1?23.4 ℃ in winter. The preferred temperature is 22.8 ℃. It is observed that during summer season people prefer somewhat cooler condition than neutral,but in the winter season people prefer somewhat warmer condition than neutral. The relationship between air movement preference and thermal sensation indicates that even without a cooling requirement related to thermal comfort,people appear to welcome air movement.展开更多
目的通过文献回顾与分析厘清围术期外科之家(PSH)的概念,为临床PSH理念的运用与推广提供参考。方法检索2011年1月—2021年6月中国知网、万方、维普等中文数据库及PubMed、Web of Science、Embase等英文数据库中关于PSH的国内外文献,采用...目的通过文献回顾与分析厘清围术期外科之家(PSH)的概念,为临床PSH理念的运用与推广提供参考。方法检索2011年1月—2021年6月中国知网、万方、维普等中文数据库及PubMed、Web of Science、Embase等英文数据库中关于PSH的国内外文献,采用Walker和Avant概念分析法分析数据。通过分析PSH在国内外文献中报道现状,明确其概念、属性及评价指标,分析前置因子及后果,完成模型案例的构建。结果PSH主要具有5个属性:①以优化患者体验为中心;②多学科合作;③依托循证医学,标准化医疗和护理流程;④围术期全程管理;⑤降低医疗成本,提高患者满意度和保障人群健康。结论PSH是在围术期医学快速发展背景下产生的,具有独特性和良好的发展趋势,对此概念进行分析有助于深入理解及准确定义概念,为后期PSH在临床应用提供依据。展开更多
To identify human thermal comfort in naturally ventilated buildings,the research based on both subjective and objective data was carried out in Chongqing,P. R. China. The characteristics of subjects' clothing regu...To identify human thermal comfort in naturally ventilated buildings,the research based on both subjective and objective data was carried out in Chongqing,P. R. China. The characteristics of subjects' clothing regulation function,changes of actual mean thermal comfort vote (AMV) varying with time and acceptable operative temperature in natural conditions were analyzed. In addition,the indicator actual mean vote-actual percentage dissatisfied (AMV-APD) was used to study the actual dissatisfaction with thermal environment. The results indicate that regulative ability by changing clothing under natural ventilated conditions is very significant but limited simultaneously,about 1.7 ℃ per 0.1 clo. Under naturally ventilated conditions,people may have an acceptable operative temperature of 16-28 ℃. Based on the AMV-APD,the actual minimum percentage dissatisfied can reach 4% at AMV of -0.36.展开更多
基金Projects(50838009, 50678179)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(2006BAJ02A09, 2006BAJ02A13-4)supported by the National Key Technologies R & D Program of China
文摘A field study on thermal comfort was conducted in university dormitories in Chongqing,China,which was transverse with monthly from August 2008 to April 2009. A total of 1 572 returned questionnaires were collected. Thermal comfort variables were measured,at the same time students answered a survey on their indoor climate sensation. The thermal environment parameters,i.e.,indoor air temperature,air relative humidity,air velocity and outdoor air temperature were measured. The subjective survey investigated thermal sensation and preference using subjective scales. Objective data analysis shows that the indoor environments in university dormitories in Chongqing cannot meet 80% acceptability criteria prescribed by ASHRAE Standard 55. The ranges of accepted temperature are 21.5?28.5 ℃ in summer and 14.1?23.4 ℃ in winter. The preferred temperature is 22.8 ℃. It is observed that during summer season people prefer somewhat cooler condition than neutral,but in the winter season people prefer somewhat warmer condition than neutral. The relationship between air movement preference and thermal sensation indicates that even without a cooling requirement related to thermal comfort,people appear to welcome air movement.
文摘目的通过文献回顾与分析厘清围术期外科之家(PSH)的概念,为临床PSH理念的运用与推广提供参考。方法检索2011年1月—2021年6月中国知网、万方、维普等中文数据库及PubMed、Web of Science、Embase等英文数据库中关于PSH的国内外文献,采用Walker和Avant概念分析法分析数据。通过分析PSH在国内外文献中报道现状,明确其概念、属性及评价指标,分析前置因子及后果,完成模型案例的构建。结果PSH主要具有5个属性:①以优化患者体验为中心;②多学科合作;③依托循证医学,标准化医疗和护理流程;④围术期全程管理;⑤降低医疗成本,提高患者满意度和保障人群健康。结论PSH是在围术期医学快速发展背景下产生的,具有独特性和良好的发展趋势,对此概念进行分析有助于深入理解及准确定义概念,为后期PSH在临床应用提供依据。
基金Projects(50838009, 50678179) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(2006BAJ02A09, 2006BAJ02A13-4) supported by the National Key Technologies R & D Program of ChinaProject(200909A1001) supported by Chongqing University Postgraduates’ Innovative Team Building Project
文摘To identify human thermal comfort in naturally ventilated buildings,the research based on both subjective and objective data was carried out in Chongqing,P. R. China. The characteristics of subjects' clothing regulation function,changes of actual mean thermal comfort vote (AMV) varying with time and acceptable operative temperature in natural conditions were analyzed. In addition,the indicator actual mean vote-actual percentage dissatisfied (AMV-APD) was used to study the actual dissatisfaction with thermal environment. The results indicate that regulative ability by changing clothing under natural ventilated conditions is very significant but limited simultaneously,about 1.7 ℃ per 0.1 clo. Under naturally ventilated conditions,people may have an acceptable operative temperature of 16-28 ℃. Based on the AMV-APD,the actual minimum percentage dissatisfied can reach 4% at AMV of -0.36.
