高职院校专业课课程思政探索与研究——以计算机网络基础课程为例

课程思政建设是落实立德树人根本任务的战略举措,是建设高水平人才培养体系的基础工程,是构建全员全程全方位育人大格局的关键环节。为全面落实立德树人根本任务,加强高校“课程思政”建设,深度挖掘专业课程和教学方式中蕴含的思想政治教育资源,发挥课程育人功能,文章以计算机网络基础课程为例,探讨高职院校如何在计算机网络基础课程中融入思想政治教育,解决课程思政“表面化”“硬融入”问题。以提升学生的思政素养和综合能力,帮助学生建立正确的价值观和道德观。

A Measure for Isotropy-Equilibrium Degree of a Multi-Particle System

Aiming at using sphericity as a tool to study the isotropy-equilibrium property of a multi-particle system, in particular the hadronic final state IFS produced in instanton-induced DIS events, we discuss in detail the dependence of sphericity on multiplicity and the multiplicity distribution, as well as on the isotropy degree of the system. A rotational symmetric model with a fluctuating isotropy-degree is constructed, which can fit the mean and width of sphericity of the Monte Carlo IFS-results simultaneously. The IFS from the Monte Carlo simulation is found to be not ideally isotropic but has a probability of 4.7% to be isotropic within error of 5%. The results provide us a description of how far the IFS departs from equilibrium. The method developed is applicable to any Monte Carlo generated multi-particle system, for which the isotropy-equilibrium property is significant.

相对论重离子碰撞中确定QCD相边界的若干问题

为了从相对论重离子碰撞实验确定量子色动力学(Quantum Chromo-dynamics,QCD)所预言的相变临界点和相边界,必须考虑实验数据中非临界涨落、有限系统尺度、有限演化时间的影响。本文综述了这三方面工作的主要内容、结果和意义。对于非临界涨落,主要讨论了由于有限事件数对观察量测量的影响,估计了在相对论重离子对撞机(Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider,RHIC)能量扫描区,精确测量高阶守恒荷高阶矩所需要的事件数。提出用泊松分布描述有限末态粒子数所致的统计涨落,将统计涨落和实验结果比较,发现统计涨落贡献为主,必须扣除泊松主导的统计涨落。提出混合事件方法,定义动力学累积矩为原始样本的累积矩减去混合样本的累积矩,利用多相输运模型(A Multiphase Transport Model,AMPT)的default模型重建了一个与之相对应的混合事件样本,结果表明:动力学累积矩确实能很好地扣除泊松样的统计涨落,尤其是中心度bin宽度和探测器效率的影响。对于有限系统尺度的影响,利用三维三态Potts模型研究了各种有限系统尺度下,它的磁化强度的高阶感应率在一级相变、临界点,以及平滑过渡区域的行为。发现在固定外场,穿越相边界的时候,从二阶到六阶磁化率都会出现非单调行为,或符号的变化,而且在三个相变区域,非单调行为类似。因此,仅从非单调行为不能区分不同级数的相变。进一步研究了磁化率的有限尺度标度行为,它们的标度指数在不同级数相变中是不一样的,可以区分不同级数的相变。根据观测量的有限尺度标度性,给出了用固定点确定临界参数的定量方法,并将该方法应用到三维三态Potts模型模拟产生的数据分析,展示了方法的精确有效性。对于非平衡演化的影响,采用Metropolis算法模拟了三维Ising模型在临界点附近从非平衡到平衡的演化过程。发现其序参量在演变过程中以指数形式趋近其平衡值,这与动力学朗之万方程给出的结果相同。临界温度下的平均弛豫时间随系统尺度的z次幂发散,表明它能很好地表示动力学方程中的弛豫时间。非平衡演化过程中序参量的三阶矩和四阶矩会出现正、负值震荡,符号取决于观测时间,结果与平滑过渡区动力学模型一致。研究还发现,在平滑过渡区,非平衡演化持续时间非常短,非平衡对观察量的影响非常弱;但是在一级相变线上,非平衡弛豫的时间非常长,非平衡豫影响不可忽略。这些定性特征对实验确定QCD的临界点和相边界具有重要的指导意义。

相对论重离子碰撞中逐事件横动量起伏的蒙特卡罗研究(英文)

用蒙特卡罗模型研究了相对论重离子碰撞中逐事件横动量起伏与多重数的关联,发现蒙特卡罗产生器HIJING不能描述实验现象.提出了一个简单的蒙特卡罗模型,可以与实验一致,有助于理解逐事件横动量起伏与多重数关联的动力学起源.

在电子-质子碰撞中识别瞬子末态方法的蒙特卡罗研究

在e^+p深度非弹性散射的光子胶子融合过程中有可能出现瞬子,这是一类特殊的事件,称为瞬子参与的深度非弹性散射事件,本文用蒙特卡罗事件产生器QCDINS讨论了在瞬子参与的深度非弹性散射事件中识别瞬子末态和流喷注的方法．对各种不同方法作了对比研究．找到了一种能使重建得到的喷注能量、瞬子能量、瞬子质量与强子化前的取值均比较接近的最佳方法．

Finite-size behaviour of generalized susceptibilities in the whole phase plane of the Potts model

We study the sign distribution of generalized magnetic susceptibilities in the temperature-external magnetic field plane using the three-dimensional three-state Potts model. We find that the sign of odd-order susceptibility is opposite in the symmetric（disorder） and broken（order） phases, but that of the even-order one remains positive when it is far away from the phase boundary. When the critical point is approached from the crossover side, negative fourth-order magnetic susceptibility is observable. It is also demonstrated that non-monotonic behavior occurs in the temperature dependence of the generalized susceptibilities of the energy. The finite-size scaling behavior of the specific heat in this model is mainly controlled by the critical exponent of the magnetic susceptibility in the three-dimensional Ising universality class.

Entropy and equilibrium property of QCD-instanton induced final state in deep-inelastic scattering

The scaling and additivity properties of Rényi entropy in rapidity space of the instanton final state （IFS） and current jet identified by the r-sorting method from the QCDINS Monte Carlo event sample are studied. Asymptotic scaling of the Rényi entropy H2 is observed for the IFS while H2 for the current jet jtends to saturation with decreasing phase space scale. Furthermore, it is found that the additivity of H2 holds well for the IFS in narrow rapidity windows at different positions. These results indicate that the IFS produced in the instanton-induced process of deep inelastic scattering has reached local equilibrium.

Characterizing variable for the critical point in momentum space

The possible experimentally observable signal in momentum space for the critical point, which is free from the contamination of statistical fluctuations, is discussed. It is shown that the higher order scaled moment of transverse momentum can serve as an appropriate signal for the critical point, provided the transverse momentum distribution has a sudden change when energy increases passing through this point. A 2-D percolation model with a linear temperature gradient is constructed to check this suggestion. A sudden change of third order scaled moment of transverse momentum is observed.

Centrality and energy dependence of rapidity correlation patterns in relativistic heavy ion collisions

The centrality and energy dependence of rapidity correlation patterns are studied in Au＋Au collisions by using AMPT with string melting, RQMD and UrQMD models. The behaviors of the shortrange correlation （SRC） and the long-range correlation （LRC） are presented clearly by two spatial-position dependent correlation patterns. For centrality dependence, UrQMD and RQMD give similar results as those in AMPT, i.e., in most central collisions, the correlation structure is flatter and the correlation range is larger, which indicates a long range rapidity correlation. A long range rapidity correlation showing up in RQMD and UrQMD implies that parton interaction is not the only source of long range rapidity correlations. For energy dependence, AMPT with string melting and RQMD show quite different results. The correlation patterns in RQMD at low collision energies and those in AMPT at high collision energies have similar structures, i.e. a convex curve, while the correlation patterns in RQMD at high collision energies and those in AMPT at low collision energies show flat structures, having no position dependence. Long range rapidity correlation presents itself at high energy and disappears at low energy in RQMD, which also indicates that long range rapidity correlations may come from some trivial effects, rather than the parton interactions.

Critical phenomena in a disc-percolation model and their application to relativistic heavy ion collisions

By studying the critical phenomena in continuum-percolation of discs, we find a new approach to locate the critical point, i.e. using the inflection point of P∞ as an evaluation of the percolation threshold. The susceptibility, defined as the derivative of P∞, possesses a finite-size scaling property, where the scaling exponent is the reciprocal of v, the critical exponent of the correlation length. A possible application of this approach to the study of the critical phenomena in relativistic heavy ion collisions is discussed. The critical point for deconfinement can be extracted by the inflection point of PQGP -- the probability for the event with QGP formation. The finite-size scaling of its derivative can give the critical exponent v, which is a rare case that can provide an experimental measure of a critical exponent in heavy ion collisions.

Critical behavior of a dynamical percolation model

The critical behavior of the dynamical percolation model,which realizes the molecular-aggregation conception and describes the crossover between the hadronic phase and the partonic phase,is studied in detail. The critical percolation distance for this model is obtained by using the probability P∞ of the appearance of an infinite cluster. Utilizing the finite-size scaling method the critical exponents γ/ν and τ are extracted from the distribution of the average cluster size and cluster number density. The influences of two model related factors,i.e. the maximum bond number and the definition of the infinite cluster,on the critical behavior are found to be small.

Poisson baseline of net-charge fluctuations in relativistic heavy ion collisions

Taking doubly charged particles, positive-negative charge pair production and the effects of volume fluctuations into account, the Poisson baseline of the fluctuations of net-charge is studied. Within the Poisson baseline, the cumulants of net-charge are derived. Comparing to the Skellam baseline of net-charge, we infer that doubly charged particles broaden the distributions of net-charge, while positive-negative charge pairs narrow the distributions. Using the ratios of doubly charged particles and positive-negative charge pairs from neutral resonance decays to the total positive charges from THERMINATOR 2, the first four orders of moments and the corresponding moment products are calculated in the Poisson baseline for Au ＋ Au collisions at √sNN=200 GeV at RHIC/STAR. We find that the standard deviation is mainly influenced by the resonance decay, while the third and fourth order moments and corresponding moment products are mainly modified and fit the data of RHIC/STAR much better after including the effects of volume fluctuations.

System size in relativistic heavy ion collisions

System size is more than a geometrical quantity in relativistic heavy ion collisions; it is closely related to evolution process, i.e. a different system size corresponds to a different evolution process, and whether QGP is produced depends on the system size. We propose that the system size should be under the same level when comparing the measurements from different colliding nuclei. The equivalence of the peripheral collisions of Au-Au and the central collisions of smaller nuclei is studied using the Monte Carlo method. Comparing the transverse overlapping area of the colliding nuclei, the number of participant nucleons and the number of nucleon-nucleon binary collisions in various colliding nuclei, we give an estimate of the correspondence in system size. This is helpful in the experimental comparison of the measurements from different colliding nuclei.