盐溶液对土壤入渗特性的影响

[目的]分析盐溶液对土壤入渗特性的影响,为进一步研究供水水质对土壤入渗特性影响及机理提供参考。[方法]以NaCl、CaCl2溶液为主要试验材料,利用室内一维垂直土柱积水入渗试验,研究不同种类、不同浓度的盐溶液对土壤入渗能力的影响。[结果]溶液浓度对水分入渗性能有一定影响,2种溶液入渗率、累积入渗量及湿润锋推进距离的变化表现为50 mg/L>100 mg/L>10 mg/L;溶液浓度相同情况下,不同溶液对水分入渗的影响表现为:NaCl溶液对土壤入渗特性的影响比CaCl2溶液显著,相同时间内,NaCl溶液的累积入渗量和湿润锋推进距离均大于CaCl2溶液;CaCl2溶液相较于NaCl溶液,入渗相同水量所需要的时间长,入渗率较小。入渗率、累积入渗量和湿润锋动态变化符合Philip入渗模型。[结论]该研究仅对室内土柱盐溶液入渗情况进行了分析探讨,涉及浓度较低、范围较小,虽在一定程度上为研究供水水质对土壤入渗特性影响及机理提供了参考,但仍需进行更大空间和更大浓度范围的试验研究和探讨工作。

微集水种植技术研究进展

从微集水种植技术的生态效应、微集水种植带型及集雨模型、微集水种植情况下降雨量与作物生产力的关系三个方面综述了微集水种植技术的研究现状.指出了目前微集水种植技术研究中存在的若干问题,提出了应进一步研究确定具有普适性的面积比的基本模型、确定微集水种植技术适宜的雨量范围、制定与各地区相适应的统一的技术标准和操作方法等.作者认为微集水种植技术是提高旱区降水利用效率及作物产量、减轻土壤侵蚀和水土流失的重要技术途径,具有广阔的应用前景.

间隔覆盖条件下玉米土壤水分研究

基于野外试验,研究了间隔覆盖条件下种植作物的坡面土壤水分时空分布及蓄存状况。结果表明,间隔覆盖法可以显著提高覆膜区土壤含水率,其中玉米生长中期最为明显;玉米生长前期覆膜处理下种植区土壤含水率高于对照处理种植区,中期相反,后期相差不大。坡面相同位置表层土壤含水率变化剧烈,且与降雨量变化趋势基本一致;对照处理下深层土壤含水率波动较小,覆盖处理波动较大,坡面上部覆膜使坡面下方较深层土壤含水率增加。间隔覆盖法在作物需水关键期可以显著增加种植区土壤蓄水量。

Effect of Salt Solution on Characteristics of Soil Infiltration

[Objective] The aim was to study the effect of salt solution on characteristics of soil infiltration, and to provide references for the further studies on the effect of water quality on soil infiltration characteristics and its mechanism. [Method] With the NaCl, CaCl2 solutions as the main test materials, the effect of different water quality and salt solution concentration on soil infiltration was studied under one-dimensional vertical ponded water infiltration at laboratory. [Result] The solution concentration could affect the infiltration performance. The trends of the infiltration rates, cumulative infiltrations and wetting front migration distances were all 50 mg/L 100 mg/L 10 mg/L. At the same concentration, the effect of NaCl solution on soil infiltration characteristics was more significant than CaCl2 solution： in the same time, cumulative infiltration and wetting front migration distance of NaCl solution were greater than CaCl2 solution; compared with NaCl solution, CaCl2 solution took longer time to infiltrate the same amount of water. The dynamic changes of infiltration rate, wetting front and cumulative infiltration were well fitted to the Philip model. [Conclusion] This study only conducted indoor experiment to the infiltration of salt solutions, involving in low concentration and small range. Although it provided some references for the study on the effect of water quality on soil infiltration characteristics and its mechanism, studies in larger areas and with bigger concentrations are demanding.