目的分析我国放射卫生技术服务机构(RHTSI)的资质分级与技术服务项目开展现状。方法分别选择2021和2022年全国31个省、自治区、直辖市取得放射卫生技术服务资质的608和622家RHTSI为研究对象,通过收集放射卫生技术服务质量监测、放射卫...目的分析我国放射卫生技术服务机构(RHTSI)的资质分级与技术服务项目开展现状。方法分别选择2021和2022年全国31个省、自治区、直辖市取得放射卫生技术服务资质的608和622家RHTSI为研究对象,通过收集放射卫生技术服务质量监测、放射卫生检测能力比对和技术支撑机构能力现状调查等相关资料,分析2021—2022年RHTSI开展技术服务项目的情况。结果2022年全国共有622家RHTSI取得技术服务机构资质,较2021年的608家增加14家;其中,有404家开展了放射卫生技术服务,较2021年的456家减少11.4%;共开展技术服务项目总数241804项,较2021年的173064项增长39.7%。2021和2022年,非卫生系统RHTSI开展技术服务项目数中位数(M)分别高于卫生系统(203 vs 40项、215 vs 55项,P值均<0.01)。2021年,不同区域开展技术服务机构数和技术服务项目数由高到低依次均为东部、中部、西部地区;2022年,不同区域开展技术服务机构数由高到低依次为东部、中部和西部地区,而开展技术服务项目数由高到低依次为东部、西部和中部地区。与2021年比较,2022年省、市、县级卫生系统开展技术服务机构数分别下降了6.5%、26.3%和27.3%,省级卫生系统RHTSI开展技术服务项目数增加了48.6%,市、县级卫生系统RHTSI开展技术服务项目数分别减少了13.8%和21.3%。结论2022年我国开展技术服务的RHTSI数虽较2021年有所减少,但承担的技术服务项目数却增加;其中非卫生系统RHTSI承担了大部分的技术服务项目;卫生系统中省级RHTSI开展的技术服务项目数高于市级和县级RHTSI。展开更多
Smart textiles responding to the ambient environment like temperature,humidity,and light are highly desirable to improve the comfortability and realize multifunctions.The bamboo yarn has merits like air permeability,b...Smart textiles responding to the ambient environment like temperature,humidity,and light are highly desirable to improve the comfortability and realize multifunctions.The bamboo yarn has merits like air permeability,biodegradability,and excellent heat dissipation performance,but it has not been prepared for responsive materials and smart textiles.In this paper,the moisture-responsive twisted bamboo yarns were plied to form a self-balanced torsional actuator and wrapped around a mandrel to form a coil,followed by water immersion and evaporation to fix the shape and serve as a tensile actuator.A torsional actuation of 64.4°·mm^-1 was realized for the twisted actuator in 4.2 s;a maximum elongation of 133%or contraction of 50%was achieved for a coiled tensile actuator with good cyclability.The porous structure of bamboo yarns helped improve the water absorbance speed and decrease the response time of moisture.The self-balanced two-ply physical structure and reversible generation of chemical phase after soaking in aqueous solution fixed internal stress and provided good cyclability.With the unique properties including aqueous water-induced shape fixation and moisture-induced actuation,the application of tensile actuation of bamboo yarns was demonstrated,showing promising prospects on smart textiles.展开更多
文摘目的分析我国放射卫生技术服务机构(RHTSI)的资质分级与技术服务项目开展现状。方法分别选择2021和2022年全国31个省、自治区、直辖市取得放射卫生技术服务资质的608和622家RHTSI为研究对象,通过收集放射卫生技术服务质量监测、放射卫生检测能力比对和技术支撑机构能力现状调查等相关资料,分析2021—2022年RHTSI开展技术服务项目的情况。结果2022年全国共有622家RHTSI取得技术服务机构资质,较2021年的608家增加14家;其中,有404家开展了放射卫生技术服务,较2021年的456家减少11.4%;共开展技术服务项目总数241804项,较2021年的173064项增长39.7%。2021和2022年,非卫生系统RHTSI开展技术服务项目数中位数(M)分别高于卫生系统(203 vs 40项、215 vs 55项,P值均<0.01)。2021年,不同区域开展技术服务机构数和技术服务项目数由高到低依次均为东部、中部、西部地区;2022年,不同区域开展技术服务机构数由高到低依次为东部、中部和西部地区,而开展技术服务项目数由高到低依次为东部、西部和中部地区。与2021年比较,2022年省、市、县级卫生系统开展技术服务机构数分别下降了6.5%、26.3%和27.3%,省级卫生系统RHTSI开展技术服务项目数增加了48.6%,市、县级卫生系统RHTSI开展技术服务项目数分别减少了13.8%和21.3%。结论2022年我国开展技术服务的RHTSI数虽较2021年有所减少,但承担的技术服务项目数却增加;其中非卫生系统RHTSI承担了大部分的技术服务项目;卫生系统中省级RHTSI开展的技术服务项目数高于市级和县级RHTSI。
基金Project supported by the State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China(Grant Nos.2016YFA0200200 and 2017YFB0307001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51973093,U1533122,and 51773094)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin,China(Grant No.18JCZDJC36800).
文摘Smart textiles responding to the ambient environment like temperature,humidity,and light are highly desirable to improve the comfortability and realize multifunctions.The bamboo yarn has merits like air permeability,biodegradability,and excellent heat dissipation performance,but it has not been prepared for responsive materials and smart textiles.In this paper,the moisture-responsive twisted bamboo yarns were plied to form a self-balanced torsional actuator and wrapped around a mandrel to form a coil,followed by water immersion and evaporation to fix the shape and serve as a tensile actuator.A torsional actuation of 64.4°·mm^-1 was realized for the twisted actuator in 4.2 s;a maximum elongation of 133%or contraction of 50%was achieved for a coiled tensile actuator with good cyclability.The porous structure of bamboo yarns helped improve the water absorbance speed and decrease the response time of moisture.The self-balanced two-ply physical structure and reversible generation of chemical phase after soaking in aqueous solution fixed internal stress and provided good cyclability.With the unique properties including aqueous water-induced shape fixation and moisture-induced actuation,the application of tensile actuation of bamboo yarns was demonstrated,showing promising prospects on smart textiles.
