PolyQ-expanded ataxin-3 interacts with full-length ataxin-3 in a polyQ length-dependent manner

Objective Machado-Joseph disease （MJD）, also known as spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 （SCA3）, is a dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expansion of the polyglutamine （polyQ） tract in MJD-1 gene product, ataxin-3 （AT3）. This disease is characterized by the formation of intraneuronal inclusions, but the mechanism underlying their formation is still poorly understood. The present study is to explore the relationship between wild type （WT） AT3 and polyQ expanded AT3. Methods Mouse neuroblastoma （N2a） cells or HEK293 cells were co-transfected with WTAT3 and different truncated forms of expanded AT3. The expressions of WT AT3 and the truncated forms of expanded AT3 were detected by Western blotting, and observed by an inverted fluorescent microscope. The interactions between AT3 and different truncated forms of expanded AT3 were detected by immunoprecipitation and GST pull-down assays. Results Using fluorescent microscope, we observed that the truncated forms of expanded AT3 aggregate in transfected cells, and the full-length WT AT3 is recruited onto the aggregates. However, no aggregates were observed in cells transfected with the truncated forms of WT AT3. Immunoprecipitation and GST pull-down analyses indicate that WT AT3 interacts with the truncated AT3 in a polyQ length-dependent manner. Conclusion WT AT3 deposits in the aggregation that was formed by polyQ expanded AT3, which suggests that the formation of AT3 aggregation may affect the normal function of WT AT3 and increase polyQ protein toxicity in MJD.

不同体位控制低中心静脉压在腹腔镜肝切除术中的应用

目的探讨腹腔镜肝切除术中不同角度体位控制低中心静脉压(controlled low central venous pressure,CLCVP)的效果。方法我院肝胆科2018年1月至2019年6月收治的腹腔镜肝切除术患者110例,采用随机数字表法分为A、B、C三组,分别采用头高脚底15°、30°和45°三种体位联合麻醉,观察三组患者中心静脉压的变化及出血量、输血量、输入液量、肝门阻断时间、切肝时间、尿量等情况。结果不同体位三组患者手术均顺利完成,围手术期无死亡病例。三组术中CVP值比较,差异有统计学意义(F=4.690,P<0.05),其中C组CVP值最低(P<0.05)。三组患者输液量及尿量比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。C组出血量、输血量及输血率均低于A组与B组(P<0.05),阻断时间与切肝时间均少于A组与B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在腹腔镜肝叶切除术时采取头高脚低45°联合麻醉控制中心静脉压效果较佳,但必须加强术中麻醉管理和监测,以保证患者的安全。

China Medical Education College Survey, 2013-2018

Purpose:China recently proposed a series of important policies intended to reform and improve the quality of medical education on the national level.This paper presents the findings of a national survey of China's medical schools conducted to review the development of undergraduate medical education over a five-year period(2013-2018).Design/Approach/Methods:The National Center for Health Professions Education Development implemented the China Medical Education College Survey.Approximately 64%of the targeted medical schools participated in the survey,constituting a representative sample of higher education institutions offering educational programs in clinical medicine in China.Findings:Following new policy orientations,medical schools showed positive developments in terms of the types of medical education programs offered,teaching and assessment methods,medical education resources,participation in accreditation,and quality of incoming students.However,the survey also revealed several worrying trends,including the coexistence of various types of education programs,significant regional differences in educational resources,dominance of traditional teaching and assessment methods,inconsistencies in quality,and an increase in graduates seeking employment in professions outside healthcare.Originality/Value:Findings of the first national survey of China's medical schools show that there is still a long way to go to ensure high quality and efficient medical education on a national level.