在间歇式高压反应釜中,在镍基催化剂NiMoS/Al_2O_3催化下研究了反应温度(180~340℃)对乙醇水蒸气重整制氢的影响,并以乙醇/水为混合溶剂,玉米秸秆为原料研究了其在混合溶剂下的直接液化行为。结果表明:在添加Ni Mo S/Al_2O_3催化剂的条...在间歇式高压反应釜中,在镍基催化剂NiMoS/Al_2O_3催化下研究了反应温度(180~340℃)对乙醇水蒸气重整制氢的影响,并以乙醇/水为混合溶剂,玉米秸秆为原料研究了其在混合溶剂下的直接液化行为。结果表明:在添加Ni Mo S/Al_2O_3催化剂的条件下,当反应温度提高到320℃时,乙醇水蒸气重整反应发生,伴随着CO、CO_2、CH_4、H_2和CnHm的产生,其中H_2产量最高为47 mmol,进一步提高温度至340℃,H_2产量增加到122 mmol。反应温度为340℃条件下,玉米秸秆液化油的收率由未添加催化剂时的21.26%增加到添加催化剂后的29.57%,热值由32.14 MJ/kg提高到33.89 MJ/kg。GC-MS分析得出生物油的主要成分为酚类、酯类和酮类,且添加催化剂后酚类的量下降了23%,有助于提高生物油稳定性。展开更多
Gross ecosystem product(GEP) is the gross value of all ecosystem products and services provided by ecosystems for human society. In practice, GEP measures the ecosystems’ contributions to human well-being and constit...Gross ecosystem product(GEP) is the gross value of all ecosystem products and services provided by ecosystems for human society. In practice, GEP measures the ecosystems’ contributions to human well-being and constitutes one of the core issues in the construction of ecological civilization systems. Currently, GEP accounting faces a series of problems, such as the inconsistency of accounting subjects and a lack of accounting standards,the result of which is the non-reproducibility and weak applicability of accounting results. In this paper, mainstream models for ecosystem service valuation are summarized in a systematic manner. On this basis, eight basic principles are established for screening accounting indicators: biological productivity, human benefits, production territoriality, current increment, actual effectiveness, physical metrizability, data availability, and harmlessness. Next, a series of ecosystem service subjects are identified that need to be excluded from accounting, and the detailed reasons for their exclusion are presented. Finally, three ideas for improving GEP accounting are offered from the perspectives of the relationship between biological production and human production, the circulation-transport relationship and spatial differences, and harms to the ecosystem carrying capacity. The purpose is to provide positive considerations aimed at promoting the socio-economic applications of accounting and to contribute to the scientific quantification of the values of ecological products.展开更多
基金The Projects of Shandong Social Science Planning(21CGLJ19)The Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University(2020GN107).
文摘Gross ecosystem product(GEP) is the gross value of all ecosystem products and services provided by ecosystems for human society. In practice, GEP measures the ecosystems’ contributions to human well-being and constitutes one of the core issues in the construction of ecological civilization systems. Currently, GEP accounting faces a series of problems, such as the inconsistency of accounting subjects and a lack of accounting standards,the result of which is the non-reproducibility and weak applicability of accounting results. In this paper, mainstream models for ecosystem service valuation are summarized in a systematic manner. On this basis, eight basic principles are established for screening accounting indicators: biological productivity, human benefits, production territoriality, current increment, actual effectiveness, physical metrizability, data availability, and harmlessness. Next, a series of ecosystem service subjects are identified that need to be excluded from accounting, and the detailed reasons for their exclusion are presented. Finally, three ideas for improving GEP accounting are offered from the perspectives of the relationship between biological production and human production, the circulation-transport relationship and spatial differences, and harms to the ecosystem carrying capacity. The purpose is to provide positive considerations aimed at promoting the socio-economic applications of accounting and to contribute to the scientific quantification of the values of ecological products.
