弱耗散卡诺热机的性能特性

基于弱耗散假设,求出卡诺热机的输出功率和效率的表示式,进而导出输出功率与效率间的优化关系,由此讨论不可逆卡诺热机的一般性能特性,并简便地获得文献中的一些重要结果.

一类弱耗散广义卡诺热机循环的性能特性

将弱耗散假设应用于由两个绝热过程和两个多方过程组成的一类广义卡诺热机循环,求出了循环的输出功率与效率的表达式,并给出了循环在最大输出功率时效率的上下界限,由此讨论了这一类循环的性能特性.

Performance characteristics of low-dissipative generalized Carnot cycles with external leakage losses

Under the assumption of low-dissipation, a unified model of generalized Carnot cycles with external leakage losses is established. Analytical expressions for the power output and efficiency are derived. The general performance characteristics between the power output and the efficiency are revealed. The maximum power output and efficiency are calculated. The lower and upper bounds of the efficiency at the maximum power output are determined. The results obtained here are universal and can be directly used to reveal the performance characteristics of different Carnot cycles, such as Carnot heat engines, Carnot-like heat engines, flux flow engines, gravitational engines, chemical engines, two-level quantum engines, etc.

真空热离子发电器的性能优化和参数设计

建立一个包括外部和内部均存在传热不可逆损失的真空热离子发电模型,由阴极和阳极的能量平衡方程确定极板的工作温度,进而导出发电器输出功率和效率的一般表达式。在不同的工作条件下,对输出功率和效率进行优化,并讨论极板功函数和输出电压对系统性能的影响,获得系统的主要参数的优化选择判据。所得结果对材料的合理选择和器件的优化设计有指导意义。