新型FeSe基超导材料研究进展

FeSe基超导体作为铁基超导材料家族的重要组成部分,已经成为凝聚态物理研究的一个热点领域,对这类超导材料的探索和制备是研究其物理性质的基础.目前,对于FeSe基超导材料的探索主要集中于插层和外延单层FeSe薄膜.其中,通过插层方法获得的FeSe基超导材料具有独特的性质,且种类众多.本文介绍了近年来发现的一系列FeSe基高温超导材料,涵盖K_xFe_2Se_2,A_xNH_3FeSe,LiOHFeSe和有机分子插层FeSe等,并针对各种材料,简述了其性质及影响.

Nanocrystallization behaviour of a ternary amorphous alloy during isothermal annealing： a Monte Carlo simulation

The nanocrystallization behaviour of Zr70Cu20Ni10 metallic glass during isothermal annealing is studied by employing a Monte Carlo simulation incorporating with a modified Ising model and a Q-state Potts model. Based on the simulated microstructure and differential scanning calorimetry curves, we find that the low crystal-amorphous interface energy of Ni plays an important role in the nanocrystallization of primary Zr2Ni. It is found that when T〈T1max （where T1max is the temperature with maximum nucleation rate）, the increase of temperature results in a larger growth rate and a much finer mierostrueture for the primary Zr2Ni, which accords with the microstructure evolution in ＂flash annealing＂. Finally, the Zr2Ni/Zr2Cu interface energy σG contributes to the pinning effect of the primary nano-sized Zr2Ni grains in the later formed normal Zr2Cu grains.

Crystallization of Fe_(78)Si_9B_(13) Bulk Crystaline/ Amorphous(c/a) Composite

A metallic crystalline/amorphous （c/a） bulk composite was prepared by the slow cooling method after remelting the amorphous Fe78Si9B13 ribbon. By X-ray diffraction （XRD）, differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and scanning electron microscope （SEM）, the composite consists of the primary dendrite α-Ee （without Si） as well as the amorphous matrix. After being anneal at 800 K, the uniform spheroid particles are formed in the c/a composite, which does not form in the amorphous ribbon under the various annealing process. Energy dispersive analysis of X-rays （EDAX）, SEM and XRD were applied to give more detailed information. The formation and evolution of the particle may stimulate the possible application of the Fe-matrix amorphous alloy.

Electrochemical synthesis of alkali-intercalated iron selenide superconductors

Electrochemical method has been used to insert K/Na into FeSe lattice to prepare alkali-intercalated iron selenides at room temperature. Magnetization measurement reveals that KxFe2Se2 and NaxFe2Se2 are superconductive at 31 K and 46 K, respectively. This is the first successful report of obtaining metal-intercalated FeSe-based high-temperature superconductors using electrochemical method. It provides an effective route to synthesize metal-intercalated layered compounds for new superconductor exploration.

Crystal structures and sign reversal Hall resistivities in iron-based superconductors Lix(C3H10N2)0.32FeSe（0.15

Heavy electron-doped FeSe-derived materials have attracted attention due to their uncommon electronic structures with only ‘electron pockets’, and they are different from other iron-based superconductors. Here, we report the crystal structures, superconductivities and normal state properties of two new Li-doped FeSe-based materials, i.e.,Li0.15(C3H10N2)0.32 FeSe(P-4) and Lix(C3H10N2)0.32 FeSe(P4/nmm, 0.25 < x < 0.4) with superconducting transition temperatures ranging from 40 K to 46 K. The determined crystal structures reveal a coupling between Li concentration and the orientation of 1,3-diaminopropane molecules within the largely expanded FeSe layers. Superconducting fluctuations appear in the resistivity of the two superconductors and are fitted in terms of the quasi two-dimensional(2 D) Lawrence–Doniach model. The existence of a crossing point and scaling behavior in the T-dependence of diamagnetic response also suggests that the two superconductors belong to the quasi-2 D system. Interestingly, with the increase of temperature, a sign of Hall coefficient(RH) reversing from negative to positive is observed at ~185 K in both phases, suggesting that‘hole pockets’ emerge in these electron-doped FeSe materials. First principle calculations indicate that the increase in FeSe layer distance will lift up a ‘hole band’ associated with dx2-y2 character and increase the hole carriers. Our findings suggest that the increase in two dimensionalities may lead to the sign-reversal Hall resistivity in Lix(C3H10N2)0.32 FeSe at high temperature.

Bandgap narrowing in the layered oxysulfide semiconductor Ba_3Fe_2O_5Cu_2S_2: Role of FeO_2 layer

A new layered Cu-based oxychalcogenide Ba_3Fe_2O_5Cu_2S_2 has been synthesized and its magnetic and electronic properties were revealed. Ba_3Fe_2O_5Cu_2S_2 is built up by alternatively stacking [Cu_2S_2]^（2-） layers and iron perovskite oxide[（FeO_2）（BaO）（FeO_2）]^（2-）layers along the c axis that are separated by barium ions with Fe^（3＋） fivefold coordinated by a square-pyramidal arrangement of oxygen. From the bond valence arguments, we inferred that in layered CuC h-based（Ch =S, Se, Te） compounds the ＋3 cation in perovskite oxide sheet prefers a square pyramidal site, while the lower valence cation prefers the square planar sites. The studies on susceptibility, transport, and optical reflectivity indicate that Ba_3Fe_2O_5Cu_2S_2 is an antiferromagnetic semiconductor with a Ne′el temperature of 121 K and an optical bandgap of 1.03 eV. The measurement of heat capacity from 10 K to room temperature shows no anomaly at 121 K. The Debye temperature is determined to be 113 K. Theoretical calculations indicate that the conduction band minimum is predominantly contributed by O 2p and 3 d states of Fe ions that antiferromagnetically arranged in FeO_2 layers. The Fe 3d states are located at lower energy and result in a narrow bandgap in comparison with that of the isostructural Sr_3Sc_2O_5Cu_2S_2.

Exploring FeSe-based superconductors by liquid ammonia method

（Received 8 June 2013） Our recent progress on the preparation of a series of new FeSe-based superconductors and the clarification of SC phases in potassium-intercalated iron selenides are reviewed here. By the liquid ammonia method, metals Li, Na, Ca, Sr, Ba, Eu, and Yb are intercalated in between FeSe layers and form superconductors with transition temperatures of 30 K^46 K, which cannot be obtained by high-temperature routes. In the potassium-intercalated iron selenides, we demonstrate that at least two SC phases exist, KxFe2Se2（NH3）y （x 0.3 and 0.6）, determined mainly by the concentration of potassium. NH3 has little, if any, effect on superconductivity, but plays an important role in stabilizing the structures. All these results provide a new starting point for studying the intrinsic properties of this family of superconductors, especially for their particular electronic structures.

非常规超导材料电子结构和超导机制研究

非常规超导体的超导机制是凝聚态物理领域的核心科学问题,明确其超导机制对发展新的量子固体理论、探索新的超导体和超导应用具有重要意义。超导展现的宏观量子现象由其微观的电子结构决定,因此超导材料电子结构的研究对理解超导机制具有重要作用。从非常规超导材料的制备与物性研究入手,利用超高压极低温强磁场综合物性研究平台、球差校正高分辨透射显微技术、真空紫外激光角分辨光电子能谱技术等,结合强关联电子系统相关理论,系统研究非常规超导材料的电子结构和超导电性,结果发现一系列新的超导体,揭示许多实验原理,为理解非常规超导材料的超导机制提供了重要依据。

X射线粉晶衍射在新功能材料探索中的一些应用

1912年发现的晶体X射线衍射现象标志着现代晶体学的诞生,对近代物理学乃至整个科学领域的发展都产生了极为深刻的影响。X射线粉晶衍射将结构分析拓展到多晶材料,成为物理学、化学和材料科学重要的研究手段。文章结合作者在硼酸盐及铁基超导体研究领域的典型工作,介绍了X射线粉晶衍射在新型功能材料探索中的一些应用。随着新方法和新技术的不断出现和完善,相信未来X射线粉晶衍射在新材料探索和其他应用领域将起到越来越重要的作用。

新型铁基超导体材料的研究进展

文章主要介绍了碱金属插层法合成新型铁基超导体的研究进展.通过采用碱金属K对FeSe层状材料插层的方法,得到了一种新型的铁基超导体K0.8Fe1.7Se2,并对该材料的晶体结构与物性进行了研究.结果表明,该化合物的超导转变温度达到30K,这是FeSe体系在常压下的最高超导转变温度.同时,观察到该体系中存在转变温度为43K的超导相,但未得到纯相.通过磁性元素Co的掺杂研究,进一步加深了对K0.8Fe1.7Se2体系超导演化规律的认识.该超导体的发现对深入认识铁基超导体的超导机理,探索具有更高超导转变温度的铁基超导体具有重要意义.