Single-entity collisional electrochemistry(SECE)is a branch of single-entity electrochemistry.It can directly characterize entities/particles with single particle resolution through random collisions between particles...Single-entity collisional electrochemistry(SECE)is a branch of single-entity electrochemistry.It can directly characterize entities/particles with single particle resolution through random collisions between particles and electrodes in a solution,and obtain rich physicochemical information,thus becoming one of the frontiers of electroanalytical chemistry in the past two decades.Interestingly,the(micro/nanoscale)sensing electrodes have evolved from a polarizable liquid/liquid(mercury/liquid)interface to a solid/liquid interface and then to a liquid/liquid interface(i.e.,an interface between twoimmiscible electrolyte solutions,ITIES),as if they have completed a cycle(but in fact they have not).ITIES has become the latest sensing electrode in the booming SECE due to its polarizability(up to 1.1 V at the water/a,a,a-trifluorotoluene interface)and high reproducibility.The four measurement modes(direct electrolysis,mediated electrolysis,current blockade,and charge displacement)developed in the realm of SECE at solid/liquid interfaces have also been fully realized at the miniature ITIES.This article will discuss these four modes at the ITIES from the perspectives of basic concepts,operating mechanisms,and latest developments(e.g.,discovery of ionosomes,blockade effect of Faradaic ion transfer,etc.),and look forward to the future development and direction of this emerging field.展开更多
【目的】分离丽江猪丝裂原活化蛋白激酶10(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK10)基因序列,并分析其组织mRNA和蛋白表达情况。【方法】采用PCR技术扩增丽江猪MAPK10基因,并利用生物信息学软件对获得的序列进行分析,实时荧光定量PCR...【目的】分离丽江猪丝裂原活化蛋白激酶10(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK10)基因序列,并分析其组织mRNA和蛋白表达情况。【方法】采用PCR技术扩增丽江猪MAPK10基因,并利用生物信息学软件对获得的序列进行分析,实时荧光定量PCR检测丽江猪脑、肝脏、心脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、胰脏、背脂和背最长肌等9种组织中MAPK10基因的相对表达量;以大白猪为对照,实时荧光定量PCR和Western-blotting检测丽江猪与大白猪背脂中mRNA和蛋白表达差异。【结果】MAPK10基因序列总长1281 bp,编码426个氨基酸;MAPK10蛋白属亲水蛋白,无跨膜结构和信号肽,有44个磷酸化位点和2个糖基化位点;二级结构以α-螺旋和无规则卷曲为主;丽江猪MAPK10基因序列与人、牛、山羊、绵羊、鼠、狗、猴和鸡的同源性分别为95.3%、93.5%、93.2%、93.0%、92.6%、91.2%、90.5%和85.6%;MAPK10基因在丽江猪9个组织中差异表达,以脑中最高;丽江猪背脂MAPK10基因的mRNA表达量极显著低于大白猪(P<0.01),蛋白表达量也有低于大白猪的趋势(P>0.05)。【结论】MAPK10基因可作为研究丽江猪脂肪沉积性状的候选基因,结果可为研究猪脂肪沉积提供参考。展开更多
筛选高原雨点鸽与詹森鸽胸肌飞行能力差异的关键基因,为赛鸽选育奠定基础。选择性别相同、体况与日龄相近的高原雨点鸽、詹森鸽各3只,屠宰后取胸肌,进行转录组测序,筛选差异表达基因,对差异基因进行Gene Ontology(GO)分析、Kyoto Encycl...筛选高原雨点鸽与詹森鸽胸肌飞行能力差异的关键基因,为赛鸽选育奠定基础。选择性别相同、体况与日龄相近的高原雨点鸽、詹森鸽各3只,屠宰后取胸肌,进行转录组测序,筛选差异表达基因,对差异基因进行Gene Ontology(GO)分析、Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)分析与蛋白质互作网络分析。结果表明:高原雨点鸽与詹森鸽胸肌转录组比较共检测到75个显著差异基因,49个基因上调表达,26个基因下调表达;GO功能分析显示,差异基因主要富集在骨骼肌细胞分化、细胞代谢过程调节等条目;KEGG通路分析显示,差异基因显著富集在胰岛素信号通路、AMPK信号通路等。与詹森鸽相比,高原雨点鸽胸肌SMYD1、STAT1、VEGFA、PPM1K、PLCE1基因上调,MYOD1、SOCS3、MGLL基因下调。STAT1、MYOD1可能导致高原雨点鸽胸肌生长慢于詹森鸽;SOCS3可能导致高原雨点鸽胸肌肌纤维直径变小,爆发力下降;PLCE1可能导致高原雨点鸽胸肌肌纤维增多;SMYD1可能导致肌纤维分化形成更多的红肌纤维;VEGFA可能导致高原雨点鸽体内白色脂肪转化为棕色脂肪;PPM1K、MGLL可能催化支链氨基酸分解,为高原雨点鸽长距离负重飞行提供足够能量,更适宜远距离飞行。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21904143).
文摘Single-entity collisional electrochemistry(SECE)is a branch of single-entity electrochemistry.It can directly characterize entities/particles with single particle resolution through random collisions between particles and electrodes in a solution,and obtain rich physicochemical information,thus becoming one of the frontiers of electroanalytical chemistry in the past two decades.Interestingly,the(micro/nanoscale)sensing electrodes have evolved from a polarizable liquid/liquid(mercury/liquid)interface to a solid/liquid interface and then to a liquid/liquid interface(i.e.,an interface between twoimmiscible electrolyte solutions,ITIES),as if they have completed a cycle(but in fact they have not).ITIES has become the latest sensing electrode in the booming SECE due to its polarizability(up to 1.1 V at the water/a,a,a-trifluorotoluene interface)and high reproducibility.The four measurement modes(direct electrolysis,mediated electrolysis,current blockade,and charge displacement)developed in the realm of SECE at solid/liquid interfaces have also been fully realized at the miniature ITIES.This article will discuss these four modes at the ITIES from the perspectives of basic concepts,operating mechanisms,and latest developments(e.g.,discovery of ionosomes,blockade effect of Faradaic ion transfer,etc.),and look forward to the future development and direction of this emerging field.
文摘【目的】分离丽江猪丝裂原活化蛋白激酶10(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK10)基因序列,并分析其组织mRNA和蛋白表达情况。【方法】采用PCR技术扩增丽江猪MAPK10基因,并利用生物信息学软件对获得的序列进行分析,实时荧光定量PCR检测丽江猪脑、肝脏、心脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、胰脏、背脂和背最长肌等9种组织中MAPK10基因的相对表达量;以大白猪为对照,实时荧光定量PCR和Western-blotting检测丽江猪与大白猪背脂中mRNA和蛋白表达差异。【结果】MAPK10基因序列总长1281 bp,编码426个氨基酸;MAPK10蛋白属亲水蛋白,无跨膜结构和信号肽,有44个磷酸化位点和2个糖基化位点;二级结构以α-螺旋和无规则卷曲为主;丽江猪MAPK10基因序列与人、牛、山羊、绵羊、鼠、狗、猴和鸡的同源性分别为95.3%、93.5%、93.2%、93.0%、92.6%、91.2%、90.5%和85.6%;MAPK10基因在丽江猪9个组织中差异表达,以脑中最高;丽江猪背脂MAPK10基因的mRNA表达量极显著低于大白猪(P<0.01),蛋白表达量也有低于大白猪的趋势(P>0.05)。【结论】MAPK10基因可作为研究丽江猪脂肪沉积性状的候选基因,结果可为研究猪脂肪沉积提供参考。
文摘筛选高原雨点鸽与詹森鸽胸肌飞行能力差异的关键基因,为赛鸽选育奠定基础。选择性别相同、体况与日龄相近的高原雨点鸽、詹森鸽各3只,屠宰后取胸肌,进行转录组测序,筛选差异表达基因,对差异基因进行Gene Ontology(GO)分析、Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)分析与蛋白质互作网络分析。结果表明:高原雨点鸽与詹森鸽胸肌转录组比较共检测到75个显著差异基因,49个基因上调表达,26个基因下调表达;GO功能分析显示,差异基因主要富集在骨骼肌细胞分化、细胞代谢过程调节等条目;KEGG通路分析显示,差异基因显著富集在胰岛素信号通路、AMPK信号通路等。与詹森鸽相比,高原雨点鸽胸肌SMYD1、STAT1、VEGFA、PPM1K、PLCE1基因上调,MYOD1、SOCS3、MGLL基因下调。STAT1、MYOD1可能导致高原雨点鸽胸肌生长慢于詹森鸽;SOCS3可能导致高原雨点鸽胸肌肌纤维直径变小,爆发力下降;PLCE1可能导致高原雨点鸽胸肌肌纤维增多;SMYD1可能导致肌纤维分化形成更多的红肌纤维;VEGFA可能导致高原雨点鸽体内白色脂肪转化为棕色脂肪;PPM1K、MGLL可能催化支链氨基酸分解,为高原雨点鸽长距离负重飞行提供足够能量,更适宜远距离飞行。
