近年来,随着我国医学教育国际化的逐渐深入,来华医学留学生规模已位居学历留学生各专业首位[1-3]。宁波大学医学院自2011年启动了医学外科学本科(bachelor of medicineand bachelor of surgery,MBBS)项目以来,一直致力于MBBS留学生师资...近年来,随着我国医学教育国际化的逐渐深入,来华医学留学生规模已位居学历留学生各专业首位[1-3]。宁波大学医学院自2011年启动了医学外科学本科(bachelor of medicineand bachelor of surgery,MBBS)项目以来,一直致力于MBBS留学生师资的培养及其教学的探索和改革。笔者于2017年5月被选送到美国威斯康辛麦迪逊分校进行了解剖学教学的学习和培训,参与该校解剖学教研室从课前素材准备到期末学生考核评价的全部教学过程,感受了该校与本院现有MBBS留学生解剖教学的差异,现从教学一线教师角度出发从开课前教学素材的准备,理论和实践教学过程及考核评级等几方面对两者进行比较分析,以期为进一步提高我们MBBS留学生的解剖教学水平提供一些思路。展开更多
The dielectric properties of nucleated erythrocytes from bullfrogs were measured in a frequency range of 10 kHz–110 MHz.The complex permittivity(ε*),complex conductivity(κ*),and complex resistivity(ρ*)were analyze...The dielectric properties of nucleated erythrocytes from bullfrogs were measured in a frequency range of 10 kHz–110 MHz.The complex permittivity(ε*),complex conductivity(κ*),and complex resistivity(ρ*)were analyzed and compared in the 10.63%to 37.58%haematocrit(Hct)range.The relaxation behavior,the passive electrical properties,and the cellular structure parameters,including the cell membrane,the cytoplasm,the nuclear membrane,and the nucleoplasm of the nucleated erythrocyte suspensions were investigated.The method used is based on the binomial Cole–Cole equation and the double spherical-shell physical models.Upon the elimination of the electrode polarization effect,two definite relaxations related to the interfacial polarization are observed on low-and high-frequency dispersions.The permittivity values and the characteristic frequency values differ by one order of magnitude:the low-frequency relaxation increments[?ε1=(5.63±1.43)×103]and the characteristic frequency[fc1=(297.06±14.48)kHz]derived from the cell membrane,the high-frequency relaxation increments[?ε2=(5.21±1.20)×102]and the characteristic frequency[fc2=(3.73±0.06)MHz]derived from the dielectric response to the external electric field of the nuclear membrane,respectively.Moreover,the other core dielectric parameters,such as the relative permittivity of the cell membrane[εm=(7.57±0.38)]and the nuclear envelope[εne=(23.59±4.39)],the conductivity of the cytoplasm(hemoglobin,κHb=(0.50±0.13)S/m]and the nuclear endoplasm[κnp=(2.56±0.75)S/m],and the capacitance of the bilayer membranes[Cm:(0.84±0.04)μF/cm2],and Cne:(0.52±0.10)μF/cm2]were also accurately and reliably measured.This work presents a feasible method to evaluate the dielectric parameters and the cellular structure of the erythrocytes of bullfrogs.Moreover,it paves the way for new studies on the haematology of frogs and the detection of nucleated cells via dielectric impedance spectroscopy.展开更多
文摘近年来,随着我国医学教育国际化的逐渐深入,来华医学留学生规模已位居学历留学生各专业首位[1-3]。宁波大学医学院自2011年启动了医学外科学本科(bachelor of medicineand bachelor of surgery,MBBS)项目以来,一直致力于MBBS留学生师资的培养及其教学的探索和改革。笔者于2017年5月被选送到美国威斯康辛麦迪逊分校进行了解剖学教学的学习和培训,参与该校解剖学教研室从课前素材准备到期末学生考核评价的全部教学过程,感受了该校与本院现有MBBS留学生解剖教学的差异,现从教学一线教师角度出发从开课前教学素材的准备,理论和实践教学过程及考核评级等几方面对两者进行比较分析,以期为进一步提高我们MBBS留学生的解剖教学水平提供一些思路。
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51277099 and 52007087)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant Nos.LY20C110001 and LSY19A010002)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo City,China(Grant Nos.2019A610349 and 202003N4116)the Fund from the Educational Commission of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant No.Y202044047)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities of Zhejiang Province,China.
文摘The dielectric properties of nucleated erythrocytes from bullfrogs were measured in a frequency range of 10 kHz–110 MHz.The complex permittivity(ε*),complex conductivity(κ*),and complex resistivity(ρ*)were analyzed and compared in the 10.63%to 37.58%haematocrit(Hct)range.The relaxation behavior,the passive electrical properties,and the cellular structure parameters,including the cell membrane,the cytoplasm,the nuclear membrane,and the nucleoplasm of the nucleated erythrocyte suspensions were investigated.The method used is based on the binomial Cole–Cole equation and the double spherical-shell physical models.Upon the elimination of the electrode polarization effect,two definite relaxations related to the interfacial polarization are observed on low-and high-frequency dispersions.The permittivity values and the characteristic frequency values differ by one order of magnitude:the low-frequency relaxation increments[?ε1=(5.63±1.43)×103]and the characteristic frequency[fc1=(297.06±14.48)kHz]derived from the cell membrane,the high-frequency relaxation increments[?ε2=(5.21±1.20)×102]and the characteristic frequency[fc2=(3.73±0.06)MHz]derived from the dielectric response to the external electric field of the nuclear membrane,respectively.Moreover,the other core dielectric parameters,such as the relative permittivity of the cell membrane[εm=(7.57±0.38)]and the nuclear envelope[εne=(23.59±4.39)],the conductivity of the cytoplasm(hemoglobin,κHb=(0.50±0.13)S/m]and the nuclear endoplasm[κnp=(2.56±0.75)S/m],and the capacitance of the bilayer membranes[Cm:(0.84±0.04)μF/cm2],and Cne:(0.52±0.10)μF/cm2]were also accurately and reliably measured.This work presents a feasible method to evaluate the dielectric parameters and the cellular structure of the erythrocytes of bullfrogs.Moreover,it paves the way for new studies on the haematology of frogs and the detection of nucleated cells via dielectric impedance spectroscopy.
