We study how the decoherence of macroscopic objects originates intrinsically from the relativistic effect. With the degree of freedom of the center of mass（CM） characterizing the collective quantum state of a macros...We study how the decoherence of macroscopic objects originates intrinsically from the relativistic effect. With the degree of freedom of the center of mass（CM） characterizing the collective quantum state of a macroscopic object（MO）,it is found that an MO consisting of N particles can decohere with a time scale of no more than p （√N）^-1. Here, the special relativity can induce the coupling of the collective motion mode and the relative motion modes in an order of 1/c^2, which intrinsically results in the above minimum decoherence.展开更多
Energy is often partitioned into heat and work by two independent paths corresponding to the change in the eigenenergies or the probability distributions of a quantum system. The discrepancies of the heat and work for...Energy is often partitioned into heat and work by two independent paths corresponding to the change in the eigenenergies or the probability distributions of a quantum system. The discrepancies of the heat and work for various quantum thermodynamic processes have not been well characterized in literature. Here we show how the work in quantum machines is differentially related to the isochoric, isothermal, and adiabatic processes. We prove that the energy exchanges during the quantum isochoric and isothermal processes are simply depending on the change in the eigenenergies or the probability distributions. However, for a time-dependent system in a non-adiabatic quantum evolution, the transitions between the different quantum states representing the quantum coherence can affect the essential thermodynamic properties, and thus the general definitions of the heat and work should be clarified with respect to the microscopic generic time-dependent system. By integrating the coherence effects in the exactly-solvable dynamics of quantum-spin precession, the internal energy is rigorously transferred as the work in the thermodynamic adiabatic process. The present study demonstrates that the quantum adiabatic process is sufficient but not necessary for the thermodynamic adiabatic process.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11421063 and 11534002)the National Key Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2014CB921403)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFA0301201)and the NSAF(Grant No.U1530401)
文摘We study how the decoherence of macroscopic objects originates intrinsically from the relativistic effect. With the degree of freedom of the center of mass（CM） characterizing the collective quantum state of a macroscopic object（MO）,it is found that an MO consisting of N particles can decohere with a time scale of no more than p （√N）^-1. Here, the special relativity can induce the coupling of the collective motion mode and the relative motion modes in an order of 1/c^2, which intrinsically results in the above minimum decoherence.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11421063,11534002,and 51776178)the National Key Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2012CB922104 and 2014CB921403)
文摘Energy is often partitioned into heat and work by two independent paths corresponding to the change in the eigenenergies or the probability distributions of a quantum system. The discrepancies of the heat and work for various quantum thermodynamic processes have not been well characterized in literature. Here we show how the work in quantum machines is differentially related to the isochoric, isothermal, and adiabatic processes. We prove that the energy exchanges during the quantum isochoric and isothermal processes are simply depending on the change in the eigenenergies or the probability distributions. However, for a time-dependent system in a non-adiabatic quantum evolution, the transitions between the different quantum states representing the quantum coherence can affect the essential thermodynamic properties, and thus the general definitions of the heat and work should be clarified with respect to the microscopic generic time-dependent system. By integrating the coherence effects in the exactly-solvable dynamics of quantum-spin precession, the internal energy is rigorously transferred as the work in the thermodynamic adiabatic process. The present study demonstrates that the quantum adiabatic process is sufficient but not necessary for the thermodynamic adiabatic process.
