口咽癌(oropharyngeal carcinoma)是一种高度异质性疾病,其主要病因是烟草、酒精的滥用或高危人类乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV)感染的结果。HPV阳性口咽癌与HPV阴性口咽癌存在明显的病因、流行病学、预后等方面的差异,因此治...口咽癌(oropharyngeal carcinoma)是一种高度异质性疾病,其主要病因是烟草、酒精的滥用或高危人类乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV)感染的结果。HPV阳性口咽癌与HPV阴性口咽癌存在明显的病因、流行病学、预后等方面的差异,因此治疗上应采取不同的方法。目前已知HPV阳性口咽癌对放射治疗敏感,认为其对放疗敏感可能通过多种机制共同完成。HPV阳性口咽癌存在低表达的野生肿瘤蛋白p35(tumor protein p53,TP53)基因,放射治疗可通过DNA双链断裂损伤方式激活p53并诱导细胞发生凋亡;细胞对DNA损伤存在常见的非同源末端连接(non⁃homologous end joining,NHEJ)修复路径,HPV癌蛋白抑制该路径可使肿瘤对放疗更为敏感;此外,免疫应答在放疗作用下进一步激活也参与对肿瘤的消除作用。本文就HPV阳性口咽癌对放疗敏感的研究进行综述,为未来临床上针对口咽癌不同致病因素及临床分期采取针对性的治疗手段提供科学依据。展开更多
We experimentally investigate the double ionization pulses. The total kinetic energy release of the two of molecular hydrogen subjected to ultrashort intense laser coincident H＋ ions, which provides a diagnosis of di...We experimentally investigate the double ionization pulses. The total kinetic energy release of the two of molecular hydrogen subjected to ultrashort intense laser coincident H＋ ions, which provides a diagnosis of different processes to double ionization of H2, is measured for two different pulse durations, i.e., 25 and 5 fs, and various laser intensities. It is found that, for the long pulse duration （i.e., 25 fs）, the double ionization occurs mainly via two processes, i.e., the charge resonance enhanced ionization and recollision-induced double ionization. Moreover, the contributions from these two processes can be significantly modulated by changing the laser intensity. In contrast, for a few-cycle pulse of 5 fs, only the recollsion-induced double ionization survives, and in particular, this process could be solely induced by the first-return reeollision at appropriate laser intensities, providing an efficient way to probe the sub-laser-cycle molecular dynamics.展开更多
文摘口咽癌(oropharyngeal carcinoma)是一种高度异质性疾病,其主要病因是烟草、酒精的滥用或高危人类乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV)感染的结果。HPV阳性口咽癌与HPV阴性口咽癌存在明显的病因、流行病学、预后等方面的差异,因此治疗上应采取不同的方法。目前已知HPV阳性口咽癌对放射治疗敏感,认为其对放疗敏感可能通过多种机制共同完成。HPV阳性口咽癌存在低表达的野生肿瘤蛋白p35(tumor protein p53,TP53)基因,放射治疗可通过DNA双链断裂损伤方式激活p53并诱导细胞发生凋亡;细胞对DNA损伤存在常见的非同源末端连接(non⁃homologous end joining,NHEJ)修复路径,HPV癌蛋白抑制该路径可使肿瘤对放疗更为敏感;此外,免疫应答在放疗作用下进一步激活也参与对肿瘤的消除作用。本文就HPV阳性口咽癌对放疗敏感的研究进行综述,为未来临床上针对口咽癌不同致病因素及临床分期采取针对性的治疗手段提供科学依据。
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2013CB922201the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11304365,11374329 and 11334009
文摘We experimentally investigate the double ionization pulses. The total kinetic energy release of the two of molecular hydrogen subjected to ultrashort intense laser coincident H＋ ions, which provides a diagnosis of different processes to double ionization of H2, is measured for two different pulse durations, i.e., 25 and 5 fs, and various laser intensities. It is found that, for the long pulse duration （i.e., 25 fs）, the double ionization occurs mainly via two processes, i.e., the charge resonance enhanced ionization and recollision-induced double ionization. Moreover, the contributions from these two processes can be significantly modulated by changing the laser intensity. In contrast, for a few-cycle pulse of 5 fs, only the recollsion-induced double ionization survives, and in particular, this process could be solely induced by the first-return reeollision at appropriate laser intensities, providing an efficient way to probe the sub-laser-cycle molecular dynamics.
