基于内聚力单元法的船舶与重叠冰碰撞数值模拟研究

The gradual increase in shipping and drilling activities in the Arctic regions has resulted in the increased importance of studying the structural safety of polar ships in various ice conditions.Rafted ice refers to a type of accumulated and overlapped sea ice;it is driven by external forces,such as wind and waves,and may exert high loads on ships and threaten their structural safety.Therefore,the properties of rafted ice and the construction of numerical models should be studied before exploring the interaction and collision between ships and rafted ice.Based on the nonlinear finite-element method,this paper introduces the cohesive element model for the simulation of rafted ice.The interaction between ships and rafted ice is studied,and the ice force of the hull is obtained.Numerical simulation results are compared with model test findings,and the effectiveness of the cohesive element method in the construction of the model of rafted ice materials is verified.On this basis,a multilayer rafted ice model is constructed,and its interaction with the ship is studied.The research unveils that rafted ice parts impede crack generation and slow down crack propagation to a certain extent.

计及流体影响的船舶回转冰阻力数值模拟

[目的]极地船舶在极地航行时,复杂的冰阻力不仅会给船舶带来结构上的威胁,还对船舶的操纵性提出了新的挑战,尤其当船舶在层冰区中进行转向运动时,挑战更大。近年来的研究主要集中在船—冰碰撞的强相互作用上,而少有研究流体对冰阻力的影响。[方法]采用非线性有限元法,基于适当的冰材料模型和合理的耦合破坏模式,研究船舶回转运动过程中冰与船之间复杂、强烈的非线性相互作用。同时,采用流固耦合方法,研究流体对船—冰相互作用的影响。[结果]数值结果与经验公式的对比确定了模拟的有效性与可靠性,其中对比有、无流体作用时船舶受到的纵向、横向和垂向冰阻力情况显示,计及流体影响时,船舶的冰阻力在3个自由度上会有明显提升。[结论]船舶破冰回转运动中考虑流体对冰阻力的影响,能准确预测船舶回转时的冰阻力且能有效保证船舶的航行安全。