To obtain more stable spectral data for accurate quantitative analysis of multi-element,especially for the large-area in-situ elements detection of soils, we propose a method for a multielement quantitative analysis o...To obtain more stable spectral data for accurate quantitative analysis of multi-element,especially for the large-area in-situ elements detection of soils, we propose a method for a multielement quantitative analysis of soils using calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(CF-LIBS) based on data filtering. In this study, we analyze a standard soil sample doped with two heavy metal elements, Cu and Cd, with a specific focus on the line of Cu I324.75 nm for filtering the experimental data of multiple sample sets. Pre-and post-data filtering,the relative standard deviation for Cu decreased from 30% to 10%, The limits of detection(LOD)values for Cu and Cd decreased by 5% and 4%, respectively. Through CF-LIBS, a quantitative analysis was conducted to determine the relative content of elements in soils. Using Cu as a reference, the concentration of Cd was accurately calculated. The results show that post-data filtering, the average relative error of the Cd decreases from 11% to 5%, indicating the effectiveness of data filtering in improving the accuracy of quantitative analysis. Moreover, the content of Si, Fe and other elements can be accurately calculated using this method. To further correct the calculation, the results for Cd was used to provide a more precise calculation. This approach is of great importance for the large-area in-situ heavy metals and trace elements detection in soil, as well as for rapid and accurate quantitative analysis.展开更多
采用事件相关电位(Event-Related Potentials,E R P s)方法研究产品设计与性能的冲突对消费者决策过程的影响。在网络购物环境下,消费者对展示了设计与性能的产品进行购买决策,实验结束后根据设计(高审美吸引力/适中审美吸引力)与性能(...采用事件相关电位(Event-Related Potentials,E R P s)方法研究产品设计与性能的冲突对消费者决策过程的影响。在网络购物环境下,消费者对展示了设计与性能的产品进行购买决策,实验结束后根据设计(高审美吸引力/适中审美吸引力)与性能(高/低)是否一致将产品刺激划分为四种组别:组别1(一致:高审美吸引力设计+高性能)、组别2(冲突:高审美吸引力设计+低性能)、组别3(冲突:适中审美吸引力设计+高性能)和组别4(一致:适中审美吸引力设计+低性能)。研究结果显示,组别2和3会在大脑前额皮层诱发波幅较大的负成分N270波,说明消费者根据产品设计形成的性能期望与实际性能不符,形成了刺激与大脑内源信息的冲突,从神经学角度验证了"消费者认为高审美吸引力的设计意味着高性能"。组别1和2会在大脑顶区皮层诱发波幅较大的正成分P2波,这两个组别产品的确定购买率也较高,表明产品设计的美学对消费者的购买决策有正向影响。性能信息也影响着消费者对产品的审美体验,当产品设计的审美吸引力高时,冲突会降低消费者对产品的审美体验,进而降低产品的确定购买率;而当设计的审美吸引力适中时,冲突会提高消费者对产品的审美体验,进而提高产品的确定购买率。对比具有冲突的两个组别,组别2的产品确定购买率高于组别3,说明存在冲突时,审美体验也正向影响消费者的决策。该发现解释了消费者在网络购物时浏览商品照片和规格参数界面时的神经和心理层面的决策过程。展开更多
基金supported by the Major Science and Technology Project of Gansu Province(No.22ZD6FA021-5)the Industrial Support Project of Gansu Province(Nos.2023CYZC-19 and 2021CYZC-22)the Science and Technology Project of Gansu Province(Nos.23YFFA0074,22JR5RA137 and 22JR5RA151).
文摘To obtain more stable spectral data for accurate quantitative analysis of multi-element,especially for the large-area in-situ elements detection of soils, we propose a method for a multielement quantitative analysis of soils using calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(CF-LIBS) based on data filtering. In this study, we analyze a standard soil sample doped with two heavy metal elements, Cu and Cd, with a specific focus on the line of Cu I324.75 nm for filtering the experimental data of multiple sample sets. Pre-and post-data filtering,the relative standard deviation for Cu decreased from 30% to 10%, The limits of detection(LOD)values for Cu and Cd decreased by 5% and 4%, respectively. Through CF-LIBS, a quantitative analysis was conducted to determine the relative content of elements in soils. Using Cu as a reference, the concentration of Cd was accurately calculated. The results show that post-data filtering, the average relative error of the Cd decreases from 11% to 5%, indicating the effectiveness of data filtering in improving the accuracy of quantitative analysis. Moreover, the content of Si, Fe and other elements can be accurately calculated using this method. To further correct the calculation, the results for Cd was used to provide a more precise calculation. This approach is of great importance for the large-area in-situ heavy metals and trace elements detection in soil, as well as for rapid and accurate quantitative analysis.
文摘采用事件相关电位(Event-Related Potentials,E R P s)方法研究产品设计与性能的冲突对消费者决策过程的影响。在网络购物环境下,消费者对展示了设计与性能的产品进行购买决策,实验结束后根据设计(高审美吸引力/适中审美吸引力)与性能(高/低)是否一致将产品刺激划分为四种组别:组别1(一致:高审美吸引力设计+高性能)、组别2(冲突:高审美吸引力设计+低性能)、组别3(冲突:适中审美吸引力设计+高性能)和组别4(一致:适中审美吸引力设计+低性能)。研究结果显示,组别2和3会在大脑前额皮层诱发波幅较大的负成分N270波,说明消费者根据产品设计形成的性能期望与实际性能不符,形成了刺激与大脑内源信息的冲突,从神经学角度验证了"消费者认为高审美吸引力的设计意味着高性能"。组别1和2会在大脑顶区皮层诱发波幅较大的正成分P2波,这两个组别产品的确定购买率也较高,表明产品设计的美学对消费者的购买决策有正向影响。性能信息也影响着消费者对产品的审美体验,当产品设计的审美吸引力高时,冲突会降低消费者对产品的审美体验,进而降低产品的确定购买率;而当设计的审美吸引力适中时,冲突会提高消费者对产品的审美体验,进而提高产品的确定购买率。对比具有冲突的两个组别,组别2的产品确定购买率高于组别3,说明存在冲突时,审美体验也正向影响消费者的决策。该发现解释了消费者在网络购物时浏览商品照片和规格参数界面时的神经和心理层面的决策过程。
