为了探讨植被气孔阻抗的变化对主要气候因子的影响,利用2000年6月16日-7月31日的NCAR(美国国家大气研究中心)资料,应用WRF(W eather Research Forecast)模式对植被气孔阻抗进行了三组试验:控制试验(CS)、敏感性试验1(RS↓)和敏感性试验2...为了探讨植被气孔阻抗的变化对主要气候因子的影响,利用2000年6月16日-7月31日的NCAR(美国国家大气研究中心)资料,应用WRF(W eather Research Forecast)模式对植被气孔阻抗进行了三组试验:控制试验(CS)、敏感性试验1(RS↓)和敏感性试验2(RS↑),结合江西省80个气象站的观测资料进行分析。结果表明:控制试验(CS)可以较好的模拟该流域的温度、降水、相对湿度时间变化及空间分布特征,它们与实测数据的相关系数分别为0.71、0.79和0.58,皆通过了0.01水平的t检验;敏感性试验结果显示:当气孔阻抗减小时,降水和相对湿度增加,温度下降;相反,当气孔阻抗增加时,降水和相对湿度减小,温度升高;气孔阻抗的变化对温度和相对湿度的影响在整个区域是一致的增大或减小的,而降水所体现出来的情况则较复杂。研究结果可为植被与大气间通量交换的参数化研究提供参考。展开更多
According to the distribution of arid and humid regions in China,the typical arid region (Erjina),the typical semi-arid/semi-humid region (Guanzhong basin/Loess Plateau) and the typical humid region (Poyang Lake basin...According to the distribution of arid and humid regions in China,the typical arid region (Erjina),the typical semi-arid/semi-humid region (Guanzhong basin/Loess Plateau) and the typical humid region (Poyang Lake basin) were selected as the study areas.Based on NDVI data from 1982 to 2000 and meteorological observing data of three study areas from 1981 to 2000,the interactions between vegetation NDVI and climatic factors (temperature and precipitation) in typical arid and humid regions were discussed in this study.The results showed that in the responses of vegetation to climatic factors,vegetation in the typical arid region (Erjina) was more sensitive to precipitation,while vegetation in the typical semi-arid/semi-humid region (Guanzhong basin/Loess Plateau) was more sensitive to both temperature and precipitation,and vegetation in the typical humid region (Poyang Lake basin) was more sensitive to temperature.As for effects of vegetation on climatic factors,there was a remarkable negative correlation between vegetation NDVI in the past winter and temperature in the present summer,and also a significant positive correlation between vegetation NDVI in the past winter and precipitation in the present summer.However,in the typical semi-arid/semi-humid region (Guanzhong basin/Loess Plateau),there was a significant positive correlation between vegetation NDVI in the present spring and temperature in the present summer.展开更多
利用1961-2000年赣州站、南昌站的年太阳总辐射与相关气象要素资料,结合Penman公式,运用6种计算净长波辐射的方法估算了两站的年太阳总辐射;建立了估算该地区年太阳总辐射的绝对误差权重法(Method of Absolute Errors,MAE),并给...利用1961-2000年赣州站、南昌站的年太阳总辐射与相关气象要素资料,结合Penman公式,运用6种计算净长波辐射的方法估算了两站的年太阳总辐射;建立了估算该地区年太阳总辐射的绝对误差权重法(Method of Absolute Errors,MAE),并给出了适用于江西省的绝对误差权重系数,以此方法计算了江西省其他76站的年太阳总辐射;并分析了该地区年太阳总辐射的时空分布特征及其变化趋势,发现:(1)1961~2000年间,江西省大部分地区太阳总辐射在3800-4400MJ·m-2·a-1;南部偏东地区较大,且存在有一大值中心;西部地区为江西省太阳总辐射最小的地区;(2)40年间,江西省年太阳总辐射呈明显下降趋势,每10年减少143.70MJ·m-2。78站中,有63站的太阳总辐射的下降趋势通过了a=0.05的显著性检验,8站表现为上升趋势;江西省北部及南部地区太阳总辐射下降较大;中部地区下降相对较小,且在鄱阳湖东侧有一低值中心。展开更多
利用环流形势、气象要素差异、雷达资料对2014年2月18日宁波市一次雨雪过程进行分析,并总结出降水相态预报的着眼点。结果表明,横槽和南支槽配合使暖湿气流强盛,东路冷空气总体较弱,850 h Pa平流降温不明显,雨雪分界线在浙北维持;中低...利用环流形势、气象要素差异、雷达资料对2014年2月18日宁波市一次雨雪过程进行分析,并总结出降水相态预报的着眼点。结果表明,横槽和南支槽配合使暖湿气流强盛,东路冷空气总体较弱,850 h Pa平流降温不明显,雨雪分界线在浙北维持;中低层存在逆温层,850 h Pa气温<-2℃,2 m气温约2℃,可以为雨转雪预报作参考;纯雪回波反射率<25 d BZ,回波顶高<3 km,雨夹雪会造成回波强度随高度降低而增加,低空"牛眼"回波、高空速度模糊对降雪预报有重要的指示意义。展开更多
文摘为了探讨植被气孔阻抗的变化对主要气候因子的影响,利用2000年6月16日-7月31日的NCAR(美国国家大气研究中心)资料,应用WRF(W eather Research Forecast)模式对植被气孔阻抗进行了三组试验:控制试验(CS)、敏感性试验1(RS↓)和敏感性试验2(RS↑),结合江西省80个气象站的观测资料进行分析。结果表明:控制试验(CS)可以较好的模拟该流域的温度、降水、相对湿度时间变化及空间分布特征,它们与实测数据的相关系数分别为0.71、0.79和0.58,皆通过了0.01水平的t检验;敏感性试验结果显示:当气孔阻抗减小时,降水和相对湿度增加,温度下降;相反,当气孔阻抗增加时,降水和相对湿度减小,温度升高;气孔阻抗的变化对温度和相对湿度的影响在整个区域是一致的增大或减小的,而降水所体现出来的情况则较复杂。研究结果可为植被与大气间通量交换的参数化研究提供参考。
基金Supported by Scientific Research Fund Project from Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (20070005)
文摘According to the distribution of arid and humid regions in China,the typical arid region (Erjina),the typical semi-arid/semi-humid region (Guanzhong basin/Loess Plateau) and the typical humid region (Poyang Lake basin) were selected as the study areas.Based on NDVI data from 1982 to 2000 and meteorological observing data of three study areas from 1981 to 2000,the interactions between vegetation NDVI and climatic factors (temperature and precipitation) in typical arid and humid regions were discussed in this study.The results showed that in the responses of vegetation to climatic factors,vegetation in the typical arid region (Erjina) was more sensitive to precipitation,while vegetation in the typical semi-arid/semi-humid region (Guanzhong basin/Loess Plateau) was more sensitive to both temperature and precipitation,and vegetation in the typical humid region (Poyang Lake basin) was more sensitive to temperature.As for effects of vegetation on climatic factors,there was a remarkable negative correlation between vegetation NDVI in the past winter and temperature in the present summer,and also a significant positive correlation between vegetation NDVI in the past winter and precipitation in the present summer.However,in the typical semi-arid/semi-humid region (Guanzhong basin/Loess Plateau),there was a significant positive correlation between vegetation NDVI in the present spring and temperature in the present summer.
文摘利用1961-2000年赣州站、南昌站的年太阳总辐射与相关气象要素资料,结合Penman公式,运用6种计算净长波辐射的方法估算了两站的年太阳总辐射;建立了估算该地区年太阳总辐射的绝对误差权重法(Method of Absolute Errors,MAE),并给出了适用于江西省的绝对误差权重系数,以此方法计算了江西省其他76站的年太阳总辐射;并分析了该地区年太阳总辐射的时空分布特征及其变化趋势,发现:(1)1961~2000年间,江西省大部分地区太阳总辐射在3800-4400MJ·m-2·a-1;南部偏东地区较大,且存在有一大值中心;西部地区为江西省太阳总辐射最小的地区;(2)40年间,江西省年太阳总辐射呈明显下降趋势,每10年减少143.70MJ·m-2。78站中,有63站的太阳总辐射的下降趋势通过了a=0.05的显著性检验,8站表现为上升趋势;江西省北部及南部地区太阳总辐射下降较大;中部地区下降相对较小,且在鄱阳湖东侧有一低值中心。
文摘利用环流形势、气象要素差异、雷达资料对2014年2月18日宁波市一次雨雪过程进行分析,并总结出降水相态预报的着眼点。结果表明,横槽和南支槽配合使暖湿气流强盛,东路冷空气总体较弱,850 h Pa平流降温不明显,雨雪分界线在浙北维持;中低层存在逆温层,850 h Pa气温<-2℃,2 m气温约2℃,可以为雨转雪预报作参考;纯雪回波反射率<25 d BZ,回波顶高<3 km,雨夹雪会造成回波强度随高度降低而增加,低空"牛眼"回波、高空速度模糊对降雪预报有重要的指示意义。