马克壵，1932年生，山西文水县人。1952年入北京大学历史系学习．1956年毕业后留校任教。现任北京大学历史系教授，兼任中国历史学会理事、中国世界中世纪史学会名誉理事长、教育部社会科学委员会委员等，曾任北京大学历史系主任（1986-...马克壵，1932年生，山西文水县人。1952年入北京大学历史系学习．1956年毕业后留校任教。现任北京大学历史系教授，兼任中国历史学会理事、中国世界中世纪史学会名誉理事长、教育部社会科学委员会委员等，曾任北京大学历史系主任（1986--1992年）、北京大学学位委员会委员、学术委员会人文学部委员、中国社会科学院世界历史研究所学术委员会委员、中国世界中世纪史研究会副理事长、北京历史学会副会长等。主要著作有《西欧封建经济形态研究》、《英国封建社会研究》、（Asim and European Feudalism：Three Studies in Comparative History）、《中西封建社会比较研究》（主编）、《世界文明史》（主编）等以及重要论文数十篇。展开更多
For the management of the feudal land estate two methods may be applied:the manor and the land-lease? The transformation from the first into the second occurred both in the East and in the West. The main objective of ...For the management of the feudal land estate two methods may be applied:the manor and the land-lease? The transformation from the first into the second occurred both in the East and in the West. The main objective of production of the feudal landlord economy is to prvide for his household with food, clothes and other necessitites it can manage to make, but this type of economy usually have some exchange relations with exterior because it cannot supply everything needed, especially when luxurious goods are desired. The feudal landlord takes every feasible opportunity to gain more money and more profit through exchange, and thus makes commercialization an inherent factor in his economic activities. The feudal landlord economy is also one of monopoly,gaining profit mainly through the monopolistic land ownership and extraecomomic control of mass producers. The landlord pays attention more to exploitation of peasantry and contention with other landlords than to improvement of his estate through investment of capital and introduction of new technology. In order to make coherent researches on the related topics, we are obliged to construct a feudal political economy applicable to all of the feudal societies over the world.展开更多
文摘马克壵，1932年生，山西文水县人。1952年入北京大学历史系学习．1956年毕业后留校任教。现任北京大学历史系教授，兼任中国历史学会理事、中国世界中世纪史学会名誉理事长、教育部社会科学委员会委员等，曾任北京大学历史系主任（1986--1992年）、北京大学学位委员会委员、学术委员会人文学部委员、中国社会科学院世界历史研究所学术委员会委员、中国世界中世纪史研究会副理事长、北京历史学会副会长等。主要著作有《西欧封建经济形态研究》、《英国封建社会研究》、（Asim and European Feudalism：Three Studies in Comparative History）、《中西封建社会比较研究》（主编）、《世界文明史》（主编）等以及重要论文数十篇。
文摘For the management of the feudal land estate two methods may be applied:the manor and the land-lease? The transformation from the first into the second occurred both in the East and in the West. The main objective of production of the feudal landlord economy is to prvide for his household with food, clothes and other necessitites it can manage to make, but this type of economy usually have some exchange relations with exterior because it cannot supply everything needed, especially when luxurious goods are desired. The feudal landlord takes every feasible opportunity to gain more money and more profit through exchange, and thus makes commercialization an inherent factor in his economic activities. The feudal landlord economy is also one of monopoly,gaining profit mainly through the monopolistic land ownership and extraecomomic control of mass producers. The landlord pays attention more to exploitation of peasantry and contention with other landlords than to improvement of his estate through investment of capital and introduction of new technology. In order to make coherent researches on the related topics, we are obliged to construct a feudal political economy applicable to all of the feudal societies over the world.
