近年来,钙钛矿太阳电池(Perovskite solar cells,PSCs)以其优异的光电转换性能和溶液制备成本低等优势受到了科研工作者和产业界人士的广泛关注,被认为是新一代薄膜太阳电池技术中的杰出代表。目前,钙钛矿太阳电池的光电转换效率(Power ...近年来,钙钛矿太阳电池(Perovskite solar cells,PSCs)以其优异的光电转换性能和溶液制备成本低等优势受到了科研工作者和产业界人士的广泛关注,被认为是新一代薄膜太阳电池技术中的杰出代表。目前,钙钛矿太阳电池的光电转换效率(Power conversion efficiency,PCE)已经从2009年报道的3.8%迅速提升到现在的22.7%,达到商业化多晶硅、碲化镉、铜铟镓硒等太阳电池水平。目前,溶液旋涂法是实验室制备钙钛矿太阳电池的常用方法。虽然旋涂法操作简单、成膜速度快、重复性好,然而该法缺点也很明显:(1)材料浪费严重;(2)不具备图案化功能;(3)不适用于工业化的连续生产。因此,溶液旋涂技术无法满足钙钛矿太阳电池今后大规模工业化生产所需的大面积、低成本等制造要求。从实验室小面积器件制备转变到可大面积的产业化制备以及降低钙钛矿太阳电池的生产成本,将是钙钛矿太阳电池产业化过程中的一个重要课题。在钙钛矿太阳电池的制备方法中,印刷技术因具有材料利用率高、成本低、工艺效率高、可大面积制备、适用于柔性基底等特点而备受关注。基于印刷工艺制备的小面积钙钛矿太阳电池效率已接近20%,大面积(>10cm2)钙钛矿太阳电池效率在10%～16%之间,大面积柔性钙钛矿太阳电池效率为10%左右。然而,从实验室小器件转变到大规模工业化生产依旧存在许多问题亟待解决。例如:(1)为了加快钙钛矿材料的结晶,在钙钛矿薄膜退火过程中通常采用溶剂工程或惰性气体辅助的方式,这将导致印刷的大面积钙钛矿薄膜质量难以控制以及重复性降低;(2)退火过程中较高的退火温度会限制柔性基底和界面材料的选择;(3)钙钛矿材料本身对空气湿度敏感,需提高钙钛矿层制备过程的环境适应性,降低制备工艺本身对环境条件的限制等。基于此,完善钙钛矿太阳电池的印刷制备工艺并使其适用于工业化生产显得十分重要。本文综述了基于喷墨打印(Inkjet-printing)、喷涂(Spray-coating)、狭缝涂布(Slot-die coating)、刮涂(Doctor-blading)等印刷技术制备钙钛矿太阳电池的研究进展,并对印刷技术制备钙钛矿太阳电池的前景进行了展望。展开更多
The morphology and interface of perovskite film are very important for the performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).The quality of perovskite film,fabricated via two-step spin-coating process,is significantly influ...The morphology and interface of perovskite film are very important for the performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).The quality of perovskite film,fabricated via two-step spin-coating process,is significantly influenced by the morphology and crystallinity of PbI2 film.With the addition of additive dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)into the PbI2 precursor,the roughness and trap-state density of perovskite film have been significantly reduced,leading to the excellent contact between perovskite layer and subsequent deposited carrier transport layer.Accordingly,the planar heterojunction PSCs with an architecture of ITO/SnO2/perovskite/PTAA/Ag show an efficiency up to 19.02%.Furthermore,PSCs exhibit promising stability in air with a humidity of ~45%,and retain 80% of initial efficiency after being exposed to air for 400 h without any encapsulation.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51673214)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0206600)。
文摘The morphology and interface of perovskite film are very important for the performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).The quality of perovskite film,fabricated via two-step spin-coating process,is significantly influenced by the morphology and crystallinity of PbI2 film.With the addition of additive dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)into the PbI2 precursor,the roughness and trap-state density of perovskite film have been significantly reduced,leading to the excellent contact between perovskite layer and subsequent deposited carrier transport layer.Accordingly,the planar heterojunction PSCs with an architecture of ITO/SnO2/perovskite/PTAA/Ag show an efficiency up to 19.02%.Furthermore,PSCs exhibit promising stability in air with a humidity of ~45%,and retain 80% of initial efficiency after being exposed to air for 400 h without any encapsulation.
