Let us consider a system of mixed particles and photons. We assume that the interactions between the particles are weak and can be neglected. We also assume that the particles are mutually distinguishable. Since the t...Let us consider a system of mixed particles and photons. We assume that the interactions between the particles are weak and can be neglected. We also assume that the particles are mutually distinguishable. Since the transition of a particle between two quantum energy levels is always accompanied by the emission or absorption of a photon, it is necessary to consider particles and photons together.展开更多
The fact, which was pointed out by Glansdorff and Prigogine for the first time, that at a state far from thermal equilibrium a fluctuation may be amplified to give rise to a nonequilibrium structure is now well-known....The fact, which was pointed out by Glansdorff and Prigogine for the first time, that at a state far from thermal equilibrium a fluctuation may be amplified to give rise to a nonequilibrium structure is now well-known. The mechanism by which a fluctuation is amplified, however, has not yet been revealed. The author proposes that it is the non-uniformity of the microscopic (quantum) transition rates that makes the amplification of a nonequilibrium fluctuation possible, and展开更多
It has been recognized by Prigogine et al. that ordered structures may appear in systems far from thermodynamic equilibrium. In this paper, we propose a mechanism for the origin of nonequilibrium order from the viewpo...It has been recognized by Prigogine et al. that ordered structures may appear in systems far from thermodynamic equilibrium. In this paper, we propose a mechanism for the origin of nonequilibrium order from the viewpoint of microscopic physics and further illustrate why a positive energy flux and a negative entropy flux are necessary for the maintenance of the order.展开更多
To understand how the order arises via photo-physical processes in living organisms and how the biological order is maintained and transmitted through metabolic processes, it seems necessary to investigate first how t...To understand how the order arises via photo-physical processes in living organisms and how the biological order is maintained and transmitted through metabolic processes, it seems necessary to investigate first how the state of a system changes via a single quantum process. This investigation can proceed by applying statistical physics展开更多
文摘Let us consider a system of mixed particles and photons. We assume that the interactions between the particles are weak and can be neglected. We also assume that the particles are mutually distinguishable. Since the transition of a particle between two quantum energy levels is always accompanied by the emission or absorption of a photon, it is necessary to consider particles and photons together.
文摘The fact, which was pointed out by Glansdorff and Prigogine for the first time, that at a state far from thermal equilibrium a fluctuation may be amplified to give rise to a nonequilibrium structure is now well-known. The mechanism by which a fluctuation is amplified, however, has not yet been revealed. The author proposes that it is the non-uniformity of the microscopic (quantum) transition rates that makes the amplification of a nonequilibrium fluctuation possible, and
文摘It has been recognized by Prigogine et al. that ordered structures may appear in systems far from thermodynamic equilibrium. In this paper, we propose a mechanism for the origin of nonequilibrium order from the viewpoint of microscopic physics and further illustrate why a positive energy flux and a negative entropy flux are necessary for the maintenance of the order.
文摘To understand how the order arises via photo-physical processes in living organisms and how the biological order is maintained and transmitted through metabolic processes, it seems necessary to investigate first how the state of a system changes via a single quantum process. This investigation can proceed by applying statistical physics
