By analyzing 2.93 fb-1 data collected at the center-of-mass energy v/S = 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector, we measure the absolute branching fraction of the semileptonic decay D+- k0e+ ve via k0-π0π0 - (8.59 ...By analyzing 2.93 fb-1 data collected at the center-of-mass energy v/S = 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector, we measure the absolute branching fraction of the semileptonic decay D+- k0e+ ve via k0-π0π0 - (8.59 ± 0.14 ± 0.21)% using k0- k0-π0π0, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. Our result is consistent with previous measurements within uncertainties..展开更多
Studies of e^+e~→D_s^+■^((*)0)K^-and the P-wave charmed-strange mesons are performed based on an e^+e^-collision data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 567 pb^(-1) collected with the BESIII detecto...Studies of e^+e~→D_s^+■^((*)0)K^-and the P-wave charmed-strange mesons are performed based on an e^+e^-collision data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 567 pb^(-1) collected with the BESIII detector at s^(1/2)=4.600 GeV. The processes of e^+e^-→D_s^+■^(*0)K^- and D_s^+■~0K^- are observed for the first time and are found to be dominated by the modes D_s^+D_(s1)(2536)^-and D_s^+D_(s2)~*(2573)^-, respectively. The Born cross sections are measured to be σ~B(e^+e^-→D_s^+■^(*0)K^-) =(10.1±2.3±0.8) pb and σ~B(e^+e^-→D_s^+■~0K^-) =(19.4±2.3± 1.6) pb, and the products of Born cross section and the decay branching fraction are measured to be σ~B(e^+e^-→D_s^+D_(s1)(2536)^-+c.c.)·B(D_(s1)(2536)^-→■^(*0)K^-)=(7.5±1.8±0.7) pb and σ~B(e^+e^-→D_s^+D_(s2)~*(2573)^-+ c.c.)·B(D_(s2)~*(2573)^-→■~0 K^-)=(19.7 ± 2.9 ±2.0) pb. For the D_(s1)(2536)^-and D_(s2)~*(2573)^-mesons, the masses and widths are measured to be M(D_(s1)(2536)^-)=(2537.7±0.5 ±3.1) MeV/c2, Γ(D_(s1)(2536)^-) =(1.7 ±1.2 ±0.6)MeV, and M(D_(s2)~*(2573)^-)=(2570.7±2.0 ±1.7) MeV/c^2, Γ(D_(s2)~*(2573)^-)=(17.2 ±3.6 ±1.1) MeV. The spin-parity of the D_(s2)~*(2573)^-meson is determined to be J^p= 2^+. In addition, the processes e^+e^-→D_s^+■^((*)0)K^-are searched for using the data samples taken at four(two) center-of-mass energies between 4.416(4.527) and 4.575 GeV, and upper limits at the 90% confidence level on the cross sections are determined.展开更多
We study the hadronic decays of ∧c^+ to the final states ∑^+η and ∑^+η, using an e^+e^- annihilation data sample of 567 pb^-1 taken at a center-of-mass energy of 4.6 GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII col...We study the hadronic decays of ∧c^+ to the final states ∑^+η and ∑^+η, using an e^+e^- annihilation data sample of 567 pb^-1 taken at a center-of-mass energy of 4.6 GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. We find evidence for the decays ∧^+→∑^+η and ∑^+η' and with statistical significance of and , respectively. Normalizing to the reference decays ∧^+→∑^+π^0 and ∑^+ω, we obtain the ratios of the branching fractions B(∧C^+→∑^+η)/V(∧^→∑^+π^0)and B(∧C^+→∑^+η)/B(∧C^+→∑^+ω)to be and , respectively. The upper limits at the 90% confidence level are set to be B(∧C^→∑^+η)/V(∧^+→∑^+π^0)<0.58 and B(∧C^+→∑^+η)/B(∧C^+→∑^+ω)<1.2. Using BESIII measurements of the branching fractions of the reference decays, we determine B(∧C^+→∑^+η)=(0.41±019±0.05)%(<0.68%) and B(∧C^+→∑^+η)=(1.34+0.53+0.19)%(<1.9%). Here, the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The obtained branching fraction of ∧C^+→∑^+η is consistent with the previous measurement, and the branching fraction of ∧C^+→∑^+η is measured for the first time.展开更多
By analyzing the large-angle Bhabha scattering events e^+e^- → (γ)e^+e^- and diphoton events e^+^e- → (γ)γγ for the data sets collected at center-of-mass (c.m.) energies between 2.2324 and 4.5900 GeV (...By analyzing the large-angle Bhabha scattering events e^+e^- → (γ)e^+e^- and diphoton events e^+^e- → (γ)γγ for the data sets collected at center-of-mass (c.m.) energies between 2.2324 and 4.5900 GeV (131 energy points in total) with the upgraded Beijing Spectrometer (BESIII) at the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider (BEPCII), the integrated luminosities have been measured at the different c.m. energies, individually. The results are important inputs for the R value and J/ψ resonance parameter measurements.展开更多
We report new measurements of the cross sections for the production of DD final states at theψ(3770)resonance.Our data sample consists of an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fb^(-1)of e~+e^-annihilation data produc...We report new measurements of the cross sections for the production of DD final states at theψ(3770)resonance.Our data sample consists of an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fb^(-1)of e~+e^-annihilation data produced by the BEPCⅡ collider and collected and analyzed with the BESⅢ detector.We exclusively reconstruct three D^0and six D~+hadronic decay modes and use the ratio of the yield of fully reconstructed DD events(“double tags”)to the yield of all reconstructed D or D mesons(“single tags”)to determine the number of D^0 D^0and D~+D^-events,benefiting from the cancellation of many systematic uncertainties.Combining these yields with an independent determination of the integrated luminosity of the data sample,we find the cross sections to beσ(e~+e^-→D^0D^0)=(3.615±0.010±0.038)nb andσ(e~+e^-→D~+D^-)=(2.830±0.011±0.026)nb,where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic,respectively.展开更多
To investigate the nature of the Ψ(3770) resonance and to measure the cross section for e^+e^-→DD, a cross-section scan data sample, distributed among 41 center-of-mass energy points from 3.73 to 3.89 GeV, was ta...To investigate the nature of the Ψ(3770) resonance and to measure the cross section for e^+e^-→DD, a cross-section scan data sample, distributed among 41 center-of-mass energy points from 3.73 to 3.89 GeV, was taken with the BESIII detector operated at the BEPCII collider in the year 2010. By analyzing the large angle Bhabha scattering events, we measure the integrated luminosity of the data sample at each center-of-mass energy point. The total integrated luminosity of the data sample is 76.16±0.04±0.61 pb^-1, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic.展开更多
To study the nature of the state Y(2175),a dedicated data set of e + e-collision data was collected at the center-of-mass energy of 2.125 GeV with the BESⅢ detector at the BEPCⅡ collider.By analyzing large-angle ...To study the nature of the state Y(2175),a dedicated data set of e + e-collision data was collected at the center-of-mass energy of 2.125 GeV with the BESⅢ detector at the BEPCⅡ collider.By analyzing large-angle Bhabha scattering events,the integrated luminosity of this data set is determined to be 108.49±0.02±0.85 pb-1,where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second one is systematic.In addition,the center-of-mass energy of the data set is determined with radiative dimuon events to be 2126.55±0.03±0.85 MeV,where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second one is systematic.展开更多
文摘目的分析子宫内膜自然杀伤(natural killer,NK)细胞与女性不明原因不孕症(unexplained infertility,UI)的关系。方法随机选取并收集2022年10月至2023年1月在吉林大学第二医院行宫腔镜手术的不孕症女性部分子宫内膜组织作为研究组,并随机收集同期健康已婚已育女性的适量子宫内膜组织作为对照组,使用流式细胞术检测子宫内膜中CD56+CD3-NK细胞和CD16^(+)CD69^(+)NK细胞的百分比,采用SPSS 26.0、Medcalc统计学软件对数据进行分析。结果(1)两组患者的年龄、月经周期等一般临床资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)研究组与对照组CD56+CD3-NK细胞的百分比为[20.42%(13.63%,41.58%)vs 8.20%(5.83%,9.15%)],研究组与对照组CD16^(+)CD69^(+)NK细胞的百分比为[45.30%(22.20%,72.83%)vs 10.75%(3.58%,17.28%)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。(3)CD16^(+)CD69^(+)NK(%)诊断UI时的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)为0.862(95%CI:0.735-0.943),灵敏度为78.95%,特异度为100.00%(P<0.001)。结论子宫内膜中CD16^(+)CD69^(+)NK(%)细胞百分比的增加与不孕症的发生具有相关性,它的上调预示着某些患者局部免疫的激活,可以将其作为一个治疗靶点。
基金Supported by National Key Basic Research Program of China(2009CB825204,2015CB856700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(10935007,11125525,11235011,11305180,11322544,11335008,11425524,11475123)+14 种基金Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Large-Scale Scientific Facility Program,CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics(CCEPP)Collaborative Innovation Center for Particles and Interactions(CICPI)Joint Large-Scale Scientific Facility Funds of NSFC and CAS(11179007,U1232201,U1332201,U1532101)CAS(KJCX2-YW-N29,KJCX2-YW-N45)100 Talents Program of CASNational 1000 Talents Program of ChinaINPAC and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology,German Research Foundation DFG(Collaborative Research Center CRC-1044)Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare,Italy,Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen(KNAW)(530-4CDP03)Ministry of Development of Turkey(DPT2006K-120470)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(11405046,U1332103)Russian Foundation for Basic Research(14-07-91152)Swedish Resarch Council,U.S.Department of Energy(DE-FG02-04ER41291,DE>FG02-05ER41374,DE1-SC0012069,DESC0010118)U.S.National Science Foundation,University of Groningen(RuG)Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung GmbH(GSI)Darmstadt,WCU Program of National Research Foundation of Korea(R32-2008-000-10155-0)
文摘By analyzing 2.93 fb-1 data collected at the center-of-mass energy v/S = 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector, we measure the absolute branching fraction of the semileptonic decay D+- k0e+ ve via k0-π0π0 - (8.59 ± 0.14 ± 0.21)% using k0- k0-π0π0, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. Our result is consistent with previous measurements within uncertainties..
基金Supported in part by National Key Basic Research Program of China(2015CB856700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(11335008,11425524,11625523,11635010,11735014)+9 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Large-Scale Scientific Facility Program,the CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics(CCEPP)Joint Large-Scale Scientific Facility Funds of the NSFC and CAS(U1532257,U1532258,U1732263)CAS Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences(QYZDJ-SSW-SLH003,QYZDJ-SSW-SLH040)100 Talents Program of CASINPAC,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology,German Research Foundation DFG under Contracts Nos.Collaborative Research Center CRC 1044,FOR 2359Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare,Italy,Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen(KNAW)(530-4CDP03)Ministry of Development of Turkey(DPT2006K-120470)National Science and Technology fund,The Swedish Research CouncilU.S.Department of Energy(DE-FG02-05ER41374,DE-SC-0010118,DE-SC-0010504,DE-SC-0012069),University of Groningen(RuG)the Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung GmbH(GSI),Darmstadt
文摘Studies of e^+e~→D_s^+■^((*)0)K^-and the P-wave charmed-strange mesons are performed based on an e^+e^-collision data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 567 pb^(-1) collected with the BESIII detector at s^(1/2)=4.600 GeV. The processes of e^+e^-→D_s^+■^(*0)K^- and D_s^+■~0K^- are observed for the first time and are found to be dominated by the modes D_s^+D_(s1)(2536)^-and D_s^+D_(s2)~*(2573)^-, respectively. The Born cross sections are measured to be σ~B(e^+e^-→D_s^+■^(*0)K^-) =(10.1±2.3±0.8) pb and σ~B(e^+e^-→D_s^+■~0K^-) =(19.4±2.3± 1.6) pb, and the products of Born cross section and the decay branching fraction are measured to be σ~B(e^+e^-→D_s^+D_(s1)(2536)^-+c.c.)·B(D_(s1)(2536)^-→■^(*0)K^-)=(7.5±1.8±0.7) pb and σ~B(e^+e^-→D_s^+D_(s2)~*(2573)^-+ c.c.)·B(D_(s2)~*(2573)^-→■~0 K^-)=(19.7 ± 2.9 ±2.0) pb. For the D_(s1)(2536)^-and D_(s2)~*(2573)^-mesons, the masses and widths are measured to be M(D_(s1)(2536)^-)=(2537.7±0.5 ±3.1) MeV/c2, Γ(D_(s1)(2536)^-) =(1.7 ±1.2 ±0.6)MeV, and M(D_(s2)~*(2573)^-)=(2570.7±2.0 ±1.7) MeV/c^2, Γ(D_(s2)~*(2573)^-)=(17.2 ±3.6 ±1.1) MeV. The spin-parity of the D_(s2)~*(2573)^-meson is determined to be J^p= 2^+. In addition, the processes e^+e^-→D_s^+■^((*)0)K^-are searched for using the data samples taken at four(two) center-of-mass energies between 4.416(4.527) and 4.575 GeV, and upper limits at the 90% confidence level on the cross sections are determined.
基金Supported in part by National Key Basic Research Program of China(2015CB856700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(11235011,11275266,11335008,11425524,11625523,11635010)+16 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS) Large-Scale Scientific Facility Programthe CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics(CCEPP)Joint Large-Scale Scientific Facility Funds of the NSFC and CAS(U1332201,U1532257,U1532258)CAS(KJCX2-YW-N29,KJCX2-YW-N45,QYZDJ-SSW-SLH003)100 Talents Program of CASNational 1000 Talents Program of ChinaINPAC and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and CosmologyGerman Research Foundation DFG(Collaborative Research Center CRC 1044,FOR 2359)Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare,ItalyKoninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen(KNAW)(530-4CDP03)Ministry of Development of Turkey(DPT2006K-120470)National Science and Technology fundThe Swedish Research CouncilU.S. Department of Energy under(DE-FG02-05ER41374,DE-SC-0010118,DE-SC-0010504,DE-SC-0012069)University of Groningen(RuG)the Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung GmbH(GSI),DarmstadtWCU Program of National Research Foundation of Korea(R32-2008-000-10155-0)
文摘We study the hadronic decays of ∧c^+ to the final states ∑^+η and ∑^+η, using an e^+e^- annihilation data sample of 567 pb^-1 taken at a center-of-mass energy of 4.6 GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. We find evidence for the decays ∧^+→∑^+η and ∑^+η' and with statistical significance of and , respectively. Normalizing to the reference decays ∧^+→∑^+π^0 and ∑^+ω, we obtain the ratios of the branching fractions B(∧C^+→∑^+η)/V(∧^→∑^+π^0)and B(∧C^+→∑^+η)/B(∧C^+→∑^+ω)to be and , respectively. The upper limits at the 90% confidence level are set to be B(∧C^→∑^+η)/V(∧^+→∑^+π^0)<0.58 and B(∧C^+→∑^+η)/B(∧C^+→∑^+ω)<1.2. Using BESIII measurements of the branching fractions of the reference decays, we determine B(∧C^+→∑^+η)=(0.41±019±0.05)%(<0.68%) and B(∧C^+→∑^+η)=(1.34+0.53+0.19)%(<1.9%). Here, the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The obtained branching fraction of ∧C^+→∑^+η is consistent with the previous measurement, and the branching fraction of ∧C^+→∑^+η is measured for the first time.
基金Supported by National Key Basic Research Program of China(2015CB856700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(10935007,11121092,11125525,11235011,11322544,11335008,11375170,11275189,11079030,11475164,11475169,11005109,10979095,11275211)+8 种基金Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Large-Scale Scientific Facility ProgramJoint Large-Scale Scientific Facility Funds of the NSFC and CAS(11179007,U1232201,U1332201,U1532102).(KJCX2-YW-N29,KJCX2-YW-N45)100 Talents Program of CAS,INPAC and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology,German Research Foundation DFG(Collaborative Research Center CRC-1044)Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare,Italy,Ministry of Development of Turkey(DPT2006K-120470)Russian Foundation for Basic Research(14-07-91152)U.S.Department of Energy(DE-FG02-04ER41291,DE-FG02-05ER41374,DEFG02-94ER40823,DESC0010118)U.S.National Science Foundation,University of Groningen(RuG)the Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung Gmb H(GSI)Darmstadt,WCU Program of National Research Foundation of Korea(R32-2008-000-10155-0)
文摘By analyzing the large-angle Bhabha scattering events e^+e^- → (γ)e^+e^- and diphoton events e^+^e- → (γ)γγ for the data sets collected at center-of-mass (c.m.) energies between 2.2324 and 4.5900 GeV (131 energy points in total) with the upgraded Beijing Spectrometer (BESIII) at the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider (BEPCII), the integrated luminosities have been measured at the different c.m. energies, individually. The results are important inputs for the R value and J/ψ resonance parameter measurements.
基金Supported by National Key Basic Research Program of China(2015CB856700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(11235011,11335008,11425524,11625523,11635010)+8 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Large-Scale Scientific Facility Program,the CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics(CCEPP)Joint Large-Scale Scientific Facility Funds of the NSFC and CAS(U1332201,U1532257,U1532258)CAS Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences(QYZDJ-SSW-SLH003,QYZDJ-SSW-SLH040)100 Talents Program of CAS,National 1000 Talents Program of China,INPAC and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology,German Research Foundation DFG under Contracts Nos.Collaborative Research Center CRC 1044,FOR 2359Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare,Italy,Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen(KNAW)(530-4CDP03)Ministry of Development of Turkey(DPT2006K-120470)National Science and Technology fund,The Swedish Research Council,U.S.Department of Energy(DEFG02-05ER41374,DE-SC-0010118,DE-SC-0010504,DE-SC-0012069)University of Groningen(Ru G)and the Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung Gmb H(GSI)Darmstadt,WCU Program of National Research Foundation of Korea(R32-2008-000-10155-0)
文摘We report new measurements of the cross sections for the production of DD final states at theψ(3770)resonance.Our data sample consists of an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fb^(-1)of e~+e^-annihilation data produced by the BEPCⅡ collider and collected and analyzed with the BESⅢ detector.We exclusively reconstruct three D^0and six D~+hadronic decay modes and use the ratio of the yield of fully reconstructed DD events(“double tags”)to the yield of all reconstructed D or D mesons(“single tags”)to determine the number of D^0 D^0and D~+D^-events,benefiting from the cancellation of many systematic uncertainties.Combining these yields with an independent determination of the integrated luminosity of the data sample,we find the cross sections to beσ(e~+e^-→D^0D^0)=(3.615±0.010±0.038)nb andσ(e~+e^-→D~+D^-)=(2.830±0.011±0.026)nb,where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic,respectively.
基金Supported by National Key Basic Research Program of China(2015CB856700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(11235011,11335008,11425524,11625523,11635010)+13 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Large-Scale Scientific Facility Programthe CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics(CCEPP)Joint Large-Scale Scientific Facility Funds of the NSFCCAS(U1332201,U1532257,U1532258)CAS Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences(QYZDJ-SSW-SLH003,QYZDJ-SSW-SLH040)100 Talents Program of CASNational 1000 Talents Program of China,INPACShanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology,German Research Foundation DFG under Contracts Nos.Collaborative Research Center CRC 1044,FOR 2359Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare,Italy,Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen(KNAW)(530-4CDP03)Ministry of Development of Turkey(DPT2006K-120470)National Science and Technology fundThe Swedish Research Council,U.S.Department of Energy(DEFG02-05ER41374,DE-SC-0010118,DE-SC-0010504,DE-SC-0012069)University of Groningen(RuG)and the Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung GmbH(GSI)Darmstadt,WCU Program of National Research Foundation of Korea(R32-2008-000-10155-0)
文摘To investigate the nature of the Ψ(3770) resonance and to measure the cross section for e^+e^-→DD, a cross-section scan data sample, distributed among 41 center-of-mass energy points from 3.73 to 3.89 GeV, was taken with the BESIII detector operated at the BEPCII collider in the year 2010. By analyzing the large angle Bhabha scattering events, we measure the integrated luminosity of the data sample at each center-of-mass energy point. The total integrated luminosity of the data sample is 76.16±0.04±0.61 pb^-1, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic.
基金Supported in part by National Key Basic Research Program of China(2015CB856700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(11235011,11322544,11335008,11425524,11635010,11675184,11735014)+18 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Large-Scale Scientific Facility Programthe CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics(CCEPP)the Collaborative Innovation Center for Particles and Interactions(CICPI)Joint Large-Scale Scientific Facility Funds of the NSFC and CAS(U1232201,U1332201,U1532257,U1532258)CAS(KJCX2-YW-N29,KJCX2-YW-N45)100 Talents Program of CASNational 1000 Talents Program of ChinaINPAC and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and CosmologyGerman Research Foundation DFG(Collaborative Research Center CRC 1044,FOR 2359)Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare,ItalyKoninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen(KNAW)(530-4CDP03)Ministry of Development of Turkey(DPT2006K-120470)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(11505010)The Swedish Resarch CouncilU.S.Department of Energy(DE-FG02-05ER41374,DE-SC-0010118,DE-SC-0010504,DE-SC-0012069)U.S.National Science FoundationUniversity of Groningen(RuG)the Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung GmbH(GSI),DarmstadtWCU Program of National Research Foundation of Korea(R32-2008-000-10155-0)
文摘To study the nature of the state Y(2175),a dedicated data set of e + e-collision data was collected at the center-of-mass energy of 2.125 GeV with the BESⅢ detector at the BEPCⅡ collider.By analyzing large-angle Bhabha scattering events,the integrated luminosity of this data set is determined to be 108.49±0.02±0.85 pb-1,where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second one is systematic.In addition,the center-of-mass energy of the data set is determined with radiative dimuon events to be 2126.55±0.03±0.85 MeV,where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second one is systematic.