在流体静力平衡状态下,海洋Coriolis力和压力梯度平衡就形成地转流,世界上大多数海流都近似为地转流.本文利用卫星测高交叉点方法计算海洋表面地转流速度,分析了利用测高交叉点计算地转流速度的不确定性,上升和下降弧段的海面倾斜在分辨...在流体静力平衡状态下,海洋Coriolis力和压力梯度平衡就形成地转流,世界上大多数海流都近似为地转流.本文利用卫星测高交叉点方法计算海洋表面地转流速度,分析了利用测高交叉点计算地转流速度的不确定性,上升和下降弧段的海面倾斜在分辨率50km上可以达到10^(-7)量级,才可能获得优于10cm/s的地转流速度.在低纬度或者纬度接近卫星轨道倾角的地区,由交叉点方法计算的地转流速度精度低于中纬度地区.以中国台湾东部黑潮为试验区,利用最新的中国台湾周边海域大地水准面模型参考场计算高精度的大地水准面高,利用TOPEX/Poseidon和Jason-1的GDR数据(2002~2005年)计算海面高,然后计算交叉点的动力高,确定交叉点的地转流速度,结果与中国台湾NCOR(National Center for Ocean Research)的流速基本一致.展开更多
利用TOPEX/Poseidon卫星连续12年(1993年1月~2004年12月)对中国大陆及周边地区观测的GDR-M(Merged Geophysical Data Record)数据集,提取Ku波段和C波段的后向散射系数,经平滑、内插处理之后,得到5′×5′的网格数据及其时间序列....利用TOPEX/Poseidon卫星连续12年(1993年1月~2004年12月)对中国大陆及周边地区观测的GDR-M(Merged Geophysical Data Record)数据集,提取Ku波段和C波段的后向散射系数,经平滑、内插处理之后,得到5′×5′的网格数据及其时间序列.对后向散射系数在中国典型地表类型(如湿地、沙漠、山地和农业基地等)的空间分布特征进行了分析与讨论.利用快速Fourier变换(FFT)探测后向散射系数时间序列的周期变化,发现周期以周年为主,部分地区还有半年周期变化.利用最小二乘方法得到周年周期和半年周期的振幅等周期项信息,结果显示周年振幅明显大于半年振幅.分析了后向散射系数时间序列异常与我国环境和气候变化以及严重灾害(如洪水、干旱)的关系.利用SRTM导出的坡度对我国部分地区的后向散射系数的相关性进行了分析,以确定地势对后向散射系数的影响程度,结果显示Ku波段和C波段后向散射系数皆与坡度呈负相关,辽宁和吉林地区的相关性最强为0.56,塔克拉玛干沙漠地区的相关性最弱为0.11,其他地区多为(0.3~0.5)之间,表明地势起伏而引起的坡度对后向散射系数有显著的负相关性.展开更多
Using 1 Hz sampling records at one superconducting gravimeter (SG) station and 11 broadband seismometer stations, we found anomalous signals prior to the 2008 Wenchuan (汶川) earthquake event. The tides are remove...Using 1 Hz sampling records at one superconducting gravimeter (SG) station and 11 broadband seismometer stations, we found anomalous signals prior to the 2008 Wenchuan (汶川) earthquake event. The tides are removed from the original SG records to obtain the gravity residuals. Applying the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) and the wavelet analysis to the SG gravity residuals leads to time-frequency spectra, which suggests that there is an anomalous signal series around 39 h prior to the event. The period and the magnitude of the anomalous signal series are about 8 s and 3×10^-8 m/s^2 (3 μGal), respectively. In another aspect, applying HHT analysis technique to 11 records at broadband seismometer stations shows that most of them contain anomalous signals prior to the Wenchuan event, and the marginal spectra of 8 inland stations show an apparent characteristic of double peaks in anomalous days compared to the only one peak of the marginal spectra in quiet days. Preliminary investigations suggest that the anomalous signals prior to the earthquake are closely related to the low-frequency earthquake (LFE). We concluded that the SG data as well as the broadband seismometers records might be significant information sources in detecting the anomalous signals prior to large earthquakes.展开更多
文摘在流体静力平衡状态下,海洋Coriolis力和压力梯度平衡就形成地转流,世界上大多数海流都近似为地转流.本文利用卫星测高交叉点方法计算海洋表面地转流速度,分析了利用测高交叉点计算地转流速度的不确定性,上升和下降弧段的海面倾斜在分辨率50km上可以达到10^(-7)量级,才可能获得优于10cm/s的地转流速度.在低纬度或者纬度接近卫星轨道倾角的地区,由交叉点方法计算的地转流速度精度低于中纬度地区.以中国台湾东部黑潮为试验区,利用最新的中国台湾周边海域大地水准面模型参考场计算高精度的大地水准面高,利用TOPEX/Poseidon和Jason-1的GDR数据(2002~2005年)计算海面高,然后计算交叉点的动力高,确定交叉点的地转流速度,结果与中国台湾NCOR(National Center for Ocean Research)的流速基本一致.
文摘利用TOPEX/Poseidon卫星连续12年(1993年1月~2004年12月)对中国大陆及周边地区观测的GDR-M(Merged Geophysical Data Record)数据集,提取Ku波段和C波段的后向散射系数,经平滑、内插处理之后,得到5′×5′的网格数据及其时间序列.对后向散射系数在中国典型地表类型(如湿地、沙漠、山地和农业基地等)的空间分布特征进行了分析与讨论.利用快速Fourier变换(FFT)探测后向散射系数时间序列的周期变化,发现周期以周年为主,部分地区还有半年周期变化.利用最小二乘方法得到周年周期和半年周期的振幅等周期项信息,结果显示周年振幅明显大于半年振幅.分析了后向散射系数时间序列异常与我国环境和气候变化以及严重灾害(如洪水、干旱)的关系.利用SRTM导出的坡度对我国部分地区的后向散射系数的相关性进行了分析,以确定地势对后向散射系数的影响程度,结果显示Ku波段和C波段后向散射系数皆与坡度呈负相关,辽宁和吉林地区的相关性最强为0.56,塔克拉玛干沙漠地区的相关性最弱为0.11,其他地区多为(0.3~0.5)之间,表明地势起伏而引起的坡度对后向散射系数有显著的负相关性.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 40974015, 40637034)the Research Program for Outstanding Doctoral Candidates of Wuhan University (No. 2008-50)
文摘Using 1 Hz sampling records at one superconducting gravimeter (SG) station and 11 broadband seismometer stations, we found anomalous signals prior to the 2008 Wenchuan (汶川) earthquake event. The tides are removed from the original SG records to obtain the gravity residuals. Applying the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) and the wavelet analysis to the SG gravity residuals leads to time-frequency spectra, which suggests that there is an anomalous signal series around 39 h prior to the event. The period and the magnitude of the anomalous signal series are about 8 s and 3×10^-8 m/s^2 (3 μGal), respectively. In another aspect, applying HHT analysis technique to 11 records at broadband seismometer stations shows that most of them contain anomalous signals prior to the Wenchuan event, and the marginal spectra of 8 inland stations show an apparent characteristic of double peaks in anomalous days compared to the only one peak of the marginal spectra in quiet days. Preliminary investigations suggest that the anomalous signals prior to the earthquake are closely related to the low-frequency earthquake (LFE). We concluded that the SG data as well as the broadband seismometers records might be significant information sources in detecting the anomalous signals prior to large earthquakes.