使用WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)模式对2013年海南地区气象场进行了模拟研究,并对比分析使用不同精度的陆面资料[WRF默认的陆面资料(土地利用、植被覆盖度、地形和土壤类型),2013年MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectr...使用WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)模式对2013年海南地区气象场进行了模拟研究,并对比分析使用不同精度的陆面资料[WRF默认的陆面资料(土地利用、植被覆盖度、地形和土壤类型),2013年MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)土地利用和植被覆盖度资料,SRTM3(Shuttle Radar Topography Mission)地形资料,HWSD(Harmonized World Soil Database)土壤类型资料]对WRF模式模拟结果的影响。结果表明:采用WRF模式默认或高精度的陆面资料都能够较为准确地模拟出当地气象场的时空分布特征;采用高精度且时效性更好的陆面资料可显著地改进WRF模式对2 m温度和2 m相对湿度的模拟,冬(夏)季的均方根误差(RMSE)分别降低了7.2%(6.5%)和6.1%(7.7%),准确率(HR)分别提高了3.7%(2.8%)和3.2%(2.9%);陆面资料的分辨率及时效性对风场模拟的影响较不敏感,总体上WRF模式仍能较为准确地模拟出研究区域内风场的特征,更新陆面资料后WRF模拟冬(夏)季的风速的RMSE降低了3.8%(4.5%),HR提升了2.1%(2.9%)。展开更多
利用中尺度数值天气预报模式WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting Model)模拟晴天条件下北京边界层的气象场特征,并通过敏感性试验研究四组边界层参数化方案(YSU、ACM2、MYJ和BL)对辐射、地表能量、近地面气象要素以及边界层结构的模...利用中尺度数值天气预报模式WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting Model)模拟晴天条件下北京边界层的气象场特征,并通过敏感性试验研究四组边界层参数化方案(YSU、ACM2、MYJ和BL)对辐射、地表能量、近地面气象要素以及边界层结构的模拟差异。结果表明:四种边界层参数化方案都可以准确模拟向下短波辐射,对长波辐射的模拟能力相似。YSU方案模拟的感热通量最低,四种参数化方案对地表净辐射通量的模拟差异主要受到短波辐射的影响。MYJ方案模拟的2 m温度效果最好,YSU方案对2 m比湿以及10 m风速的模拟效果最优,综合而言,YSU方案对近地面气象要素的模拟效果较好。与探空数据对比,得到四种边界层参数化方案模拟的高层温度廓线偏冷,湿度偏高,风速偏低。与气象铁塔观测数据对比,白天四组试验都能够较为准确地反映温度垂直廓线,YSU方案在15 m以上模拟的相对湿度结果最接近观测值。YSU方案模拟的边界层高度最高,非局地方案模拟的边界层高度相对局地方案更高,MYJ方案模拟的边界层高度误差较大。展开更多
Aerosol indirect effects (AIEs) on global climate were quantitatively investigated by introducing aerosol-cloud interaction parameterizations for water stratus clouds into an AGCM (BCC AGCM2.0.1), which was developed ...Aerosol indirect effects (AIEs) on global climate were quantitatively investigated by introducing aerosol-cloud interaction parameterizations for water stratus clouds into an AGCM (BCC AGCM2.0.1), which was developed by the National Climate Center of the China Meteorological Administration. The study yielded a global annual mean of -1.14 W m-2 for the first indirect radiative forcing (IRF), with an obvious seasonal change. In summer, large forcing mainly occurred in mid to high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, whereas in winter, large values were found at 60°S. The second indirect effect led to global annual mean changes in net shortwave flux of -1.03 W m-2 at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), which was relatively significant in mid-latitude regions of both hemispheres. The total AIE reduced the global annual means of net shortwave flux at the TOA and of surface temperature by 1.93 W m-2 and 0.12 K, respectively. Change in surface temperature induced by the total AIE was clearly larger in the Northern Hemisphere (-0.23 K) than in the Southern Hemisphere, where changes were negligible. The interhemispheric asymmetry in surface cooling resulted in significant differences in changes of the interhemispheric annual mean precipitation rate, which could lead to a tendency for the ITCZ to broaden. The total AIE decreased the global annual mean precipitation rate by 0.055 mm dff1.展开更多
文摘使用WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)模式对2013年海南地区气象场进行了模拟研究,并对比分析使用不同精度的陆面资料[WRF默认的陆面资料(土地利用、植被覆盖度、地形和土壤类型),2013年MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)土地利用和植被覆盖度资料,SRTM3(Shuttle Radar Topography Mission)地形资料,HWSD(Harmonized World Soil Database)土壤类型资料]对WRF模式模拟结果的影响。结果表明:采用WRF模式默认或高精度的陆面资料都能够较为准确地模拟出当地气象场的时空分布特征;采用高精度且时效性更好的陆面资料可显著地改进WRF模式对2 m温度和2 m相对湿度的模拟,冬(夏)季的均方根误差(RMSE)分别降低了7.2%(6.5%)和6.1%(7.7%),准确率(HR)分别提高了3.7%(2.8%)和3.2%(2.9%);陆面资料的分辨率及时效性对风场模拟的影响较不敏感,总体上WRF模式仍能较为准确地模拟出研究区域内风场的特征,更新陆面资料后WRF模拟冬(夏)季的风速的RMSE降低了3.8%(4.5%),HR提升了2.1%(2.9%)。
文摘利用中尺度数值天气预报模式WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting Model)模拟晴天条件下北京边界层的气象场特征,并通过敏感性试验研究四组边界层参数化方案(YSU、ACM2、MYJ和BL)对辐射、地表能量、近地面气象要素以及边界层结构的模拟差异。结果表明:四种边界层参数化方案都可以准确模拟向下短波辐射,对长波辐射的模拟能力相似。YSU方案模拟的感热通量最低,四种参数化方案对地表净辐射通量的模拟差异主要受到短波辐射的影响。MYJ方案模拟的2 m温度效果最好,YSU方案对2 m比湿以及10 m风速的模拟效果最优,综合而言,YSU方案对近地面气象要素的模拟效果较好。与探空数据对比,得到四种边界层参数化方案模拟的高层温度廓线偏冷,湿度偏高,风速偏低。与气象铁塔观测数据对比,白天四组试验都能够较为准确地反映温度垂直廓线,YSU方案在15 m以上模拟的相对湿度结果最接近观测值。YSU方案模拟的边界层高度最高,非局地方案模拟的边界层高度相对局地方案更高,MYJ方案模拟的边界层高度误差较大。
基金financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No. 2006CB403707)the Public Meteorology Special Foundation of MOST (Grant Nos. GYHY200706036 and 2010CB955608), the National Key Technology R&D Program (Grant Nos. 2007BAC03A01 and 2008BAC40B02)
文摘Aerosol indirect effects (AIEs) on global climate were quantitatively investigated by introducing aerosol-cloud interaction parameterizations for water stratus clouds into an AGCM (BCC AGCM2.0.1), which was developed by the National Climate Center of the China Meteorological Administration. The study yielded a global annual mean of -1.14 W m-2 for the first indirect radiative forcing (IRF), with an obvious seasonal change. In summer, large forcing mainly occurred in mid to high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, whereas in winter, large values were found at 60°S. The second indirect effect led to global annual mean changes in net shortwave flux of -1.03 W m-2 at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), which was relatively significant in mid-latitude regions of both hemispheres. The total AIE reduced the global annual means of net shortwave flux at the TOA and of surface temperature by 1.93 W m-2 and 0.12 K, respectively. Change in surface temperature induced by the total AIE was clearly larger in the Northern Hemisphere (-0.23 K) than in the Southern Hemisphere, where changes were negligible. The interhemispheric asymmetry in surface cooling resulted in significant differences in changes of the interhemispheric annual mean precipitation rate, which could lead to a tendency for the ITCZ to broaden. The total AIE decreased the global annual mean precipitation rate by 0.055 mm dff1.
