We analyzed the relationship between internode number and intemode length for one of the largest bamboo, Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel ex Houz. For 50 sample culms with various sizes felled in a pure stand of P. pubes...We analyzed the relationship between internode number and intemode length for one of the largest bamboo, Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel ex Houz. For 50 sample culms with various sizes felled in a pure stand of P. pubescens, the intemode number was assigned from base to tip and the length for each internode was directly measured. The result indicated that the intemode length should be cumulated from base to tip, and then the cumulated internode length should be relativized by the total culm length. It was inappropriate to relativize the internode length by the maximum intenode length. In addition, the relationship between the relative internode number （the intemode number relativized by the total number of intemodes） and the relative cumulated internode length should be described not by a power function but by a sigmoid function such as the third-order function. The determined function enabled us to estimate the actual internode length, with the root mean squared error being 4 cm. In conclusion, the mathematical expression presented here, i.e., the relativization of the cumulated internode length by the total culm length and the application of the sigmoid function, will be useful in describing the relationship between internode number and internode length for P. pubescens.展开更多
The glass forming ability of Gd-Co-Al ternary alloy systems with a composition ranging from 50% to 70% (molar fraction) for Gd and from 5% to 40% (molar fraction) for Al were investigated by copper mold casting and Gd...The glass forming ability of Gd-Co-Al ternary alloy systems with a composition ranging from 50% to 70% (molar fraction) for Gd and from 5% to 40% (molar fraction) for Al were investigated by copper mold casting and Gd60Co25Al15 bulk glass alloy cylinders with the maximum diameter of 5 mm were obtained. The reduced glass transformation temperature (Tg/Tm) and the distance of supercooling region △Tx are 0.616 and 45 K, respectively for this Gd-Co-Al alloy. The compressive fracture strength (σf) and elastic modulus (E) of Gd-Co-Al glassy alloys are 1 170-1 380 MPa and 59-70 GPa, respectively. The Gd-Al-Co bulk glassy alloys with high glass forming ability and good mechanical properties are promising for the future development as a new type function materials.展开更多
We have developed a gain flattening filter (GFF) for an erbium doped fiber (EDF) without temperature control systems. This GFF, which consists of temperature-sensitive long period gratings (LPGs) and a temperature com...We have developed a gain flattening filter (GFF) for an erbium doped fiber (EDF) without temperature control systems. This GFF, which consists of temperature-sensitive long period gratings (LPGs) and a temperature compensated slanted fiber Bragg grating (SFBG), follows the gain shift of EDF with temperature. Gain variation of the EDFA less than 0.25dBp-p was achieved with the bandwidth of 37nm, and the temperature range 0-65℃ without any temperature control systems.展开更多
基金supported in part by the fiscal 2010 special grant from the president of the Prefectural University of Kumamoto
文摘We analyzed the relationship between internode number and intemode length for one of the largest bamboo, Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel ex Houz. For 50 sample culms with various sizes felled in a pure stand of P. pubescens, the intemode number was assigned from base to tip and the length for each internode was directly measured. The result indicated that the intemode length should be cumulated from base to tip, and then the cumulated internode length should be relativized by the total culm length. It was inappropriate to relativize the internode length by the maximum intenode length. In addition, the relationship between the relative internode number （the intemode number relativized by the total number of intemodes） and the relative cumulated internode length should be described not by a power function but by a sigmoid function such as the third-order function. The determined function enabled us to estimate the actual internode length, with the root mean squared error being 4 cm. In conclusion, the mathematical expression presented here, i.e., the relativization of the cumulated internode length by the total culm length and the application of the sigmoid function, will be useful in describing the relationship between internode number and internode length for P. pubescens.
文摘The glass forming ability of Gd-Co-Al ternary alloy systems with a composition ranging from 50% to 70% (molar fraction) for Gd and from 5% to 40% (molar fraction) for Al were investigated by copper mold casting and Gd60Co25Al15 bulk glass alloy cylinders with the maximum diameter of 5 mm were obtained. The reduced glass transformation temperature (Tg/Tm) and the distance of supercooling region △Tx are 0.616 and 45 K, respectively for this Gd-Co-Al alloy. The compressive fracture strength (σf) and elastic modulus (E) of Gd-Co-Al glassy alloys are 1 170-1 380 MPa and 59-70 GPa, respectively. The Gd-Al-Co bulk glassy alloys with high glass forming ability and good mechanical properties are promising for the future development as a new type function materials.
文摘We have developed a gain flattening filter (GFF) for an erbium doped fiber (EDF) without temperature control systems. This GFF, which consists of temperature-sensitive long period gratings (LPGs) and a temperature compensated slanted fiber Bragg grating (SFBG), follows the gain shift of EDF with temperature. Gain variation of the EDFA less than 0.25dBp-p was achieved with the bandwidth of 37nm, and the temperature range 0-65℃ without any temperature control systems.
