Review of Finger millet(Eleusine coracana(L.)Gaertn):A power house of health benefiting nutrients

The bulk of the world’s millet crop is produced by India,Nigeria,Niger,Mali,Burkina Faso,Chad,and China.Finger millet(Eleusine coracana(L.)Gaertn),little millet(Panicum sumatrense Roth ex Roem.&Schult.),foxtail millet(Setaria italica(L.)P.Beauvois)and proso millet(Panicum miliaceum L.)are most commonly found species among various millet varieties.In India,finger millet occupy the largest area under cultivation among the small millets.Finger millet stands unique among the cereals such as barley,rye and oats with higher nutritional contents and has outstanding properties as a subsistence food crop.It is rich in calcium(0.34%),dietary fiber(18%),phytates(0.48%),protein(6%–13%)minerals(2.5%–3.5%),and phenolics(0.3%–3%).Moreover,it is also a rich source of thiamine,riboflavin,iron,methionine,isoleucine,leucine,phenylalanine and other essential amino acids.The abundance of these phytochemicals enhances the nutraceutical potential of finger millet,making it a powerhouse of health benefiting nutrients.It has distinguished health beneficial properties,such as anti-diabetic(type 2 diabetes mellitus),anti-diarrheal,antiulcer,anti-inflammatory,antitumerogenic(K562 chronic myeloid leukemia),atherosclerogenic effects,antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.

Study on the Crystal Structure and Microstructure Evolution of Shock-processed Titanium Powder

Titanium powder was rapidly solidified by using shock-wave consolidation technique.The critical parameters were controlled by intrumented detonics and pin-oscillography.The compacted specimens were investigated for crystal structure and microstructural strengthening by using standard diagnostic techniques.The density of the final product was found to be greater than 96% of the theoretical value.X-ray diffraction pattern reveals intact crystalline structure without the presence of any undesired phases.The particle size reduction indicated by XRD was supported by laser diffraction based particle size analyzer.Results from energy dispersive spectroscopy ruled out the possibility of any segregation within the compacts.Scanning electron microscopy showed crack-free,voids-free,melt-free,fracture-less compacts of titanium with a unidirectional dendrite orientation without any grain-growth.

Characterization of Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) Radiation for the Development of a Fluorescent Lamp

A negative unipolar pulsed voltage is applied to study internal electrical parameters of the xenon filled dielectric barrier discharge （DBD） sources. The VUV radiation emitted from these sources is characterized by means of the photoluminescence intensity of the red phosphor pellet. The red phosphor converts the VUV radiation into visible radiation and the emission spectra include a peak at 619.56 nm. The emission characteristics of the red phosphor are analyzed in terms of the pressure-distance （pd）, rise time and frequency of the pulsed voltage waveform. The emission intensity measured at different operational conditions confirms that the formation and decay of the xenon excimer, Xe2^＊, increase with the increase in reduced electric field, E/N. After exceeding certain limits of E/N, the intensity of Xe2^＊ decreases rapidly.

A Constitutive Modeling and Experimental Effect of Shock Wave on the Microstructural Sub-strengthening of Granular Copper

Micro-sized copper powder(99.95%;O≤0.3)has been shock-processed with explosives of high detonation velocities of the order of 7.5 km/s to observe the structural and microstructural sub-strengthening.Axisymmetric shock-consolidation technique has been used to obtain conglomerates of granular Cu.The technique involves the cylindrical compaction system wherein the explosive-charge is in direct proximity with the powder whereas the other uses indirect shock pressure with die-plunger geometry.Numeric simulations have been performed on with Eulerian code dynamics.The simulated results show a good agreement with the experimental observation of detonation parameters like detonation velocity,pressure,particle velocity and shock pressure in the reactive media.A pin contactor method has been utilized to calculate the detonation pressure experimentally.Wide angled x-ray diffraction studies reveal that the crystalline structure(FCC)of the shocked specimen matches with the un-shocked specimen.Field emissive scanning electron microscopic examination of the compacted specimens show a good sub-structural strengthening and complement the theoretical considerations.Laser diffraction based particle size analyzer also points towards the reduced particle size of the shock-processed specimen under high detonation velocities.Micro-hardness tests conducted under variable loads of 0.1 kg,0.05 kg and 0.025 kg force with diamond indenter optical micrographs indicate a high order of micro-hardness of the order of 159 Hv.Nitrogen pycnometry used for the density measurement of the compacts shows that a compacted density of the order of 99.3%theoretical mean density has been achieved.

谷子基因型×环境互作和稳定性的分析

对作物籽粒产量来说,不同环境下基因型的稳定性对任何育种计划都非常重要。基因型×环境互作越高,育种中改进的机会就越小。由Finlay等(1963)和Perkins等(1968)提出的方法来获得对互作的可靠估计。

Flat Absorber Phosphorous Black Nickel Coatings for Space Applications

A new process of flat absorber black nickel alloy coating tion from a bath containing nickel, zinc and ammonium was developed on stainless steel by electrodeposi- sulphates; thiocyanate and sodium hypophosphite for space applications. Coating process was optimized by investigating the effects of plating parameters, viz concentration of bath constituents, current density, temperature, pH and plating time on the optical properties of the black deposits. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed the inclusion of about 6% phosphorous in the coating. The scanning electron microscopy studies revealed the amorphous nature of the coating. The corrosion resistance of the coatings was evaluated by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） and linear polarization （LP） techniques. The results revealed that, phosphorous addition confers better corro- sion resistance in comparison to conventional black nickel coatings. The black nickel coating obtained from hypophosphite bath provides high solar absorptance （αs） and infrared emittance （εIR） of the order of 0.93. Environmental stability to space applications was established by the humidity and thermal cycling tests.

A Comparative Study on the Corrosion Behaviour of Hard Anodic Coatings on AA 6061 Obtained Using DC and Pulsed DC Power Sources

The corrosion behaviour of the hard anodic coatings prepared by three different methods viz., conventional hard anodizing （C-HA）, pulse hard anodizing （P-HA） and low voltage room temperature pulse hard anodizing （LVP- HA） on AA 6061 was compared using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） and linear polarisation. Scanning electron microscope （SEM） was used to study the surface morphology before and after corrosion. EIS data revealed that no significant difference in corrosion resistance was observed among three types. Rp, Icorr and Ecorr were found to be highly stable over the exposure period up to 72 h which confirms the excellent corrosion resistance. The studies indicate that the corrosion resistance of LVP-HA and P-HA, which are processed at lower voltage and at relatively higher temperatures, are comparable to that of C-HA which is processed at sub-zero temperatures and high operating voltages. The corrosion resistance of all coatings was found to be improved after hydrothermal sealing.

Optical and Microstructural Characterisations of Pulsed rf Magnetron Sputtered Alumina Thin Film

Alumina thin films were deposited on fused quartz and SS304 substrate by pulsed rf magnetron sputtering with both direct and reactive methods. The films were characterised by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy to reveal the microstructure, surface morphology and topography of thin films. Transmittance and reflectance of alumina thin film were evaluated after deposition on the quartz substrate. Transmittance of the quartz remains almost un-altered when alumina was deposited by the reactive sputtering. A marginal decrease of ~4% in the transmittance of quartz was, however, observed after deposition of alumina by direct sputtering. Infrared emittance of the substrate also remains almost constant after deposition of thin alumina film. Further, as-deposited alumina on SS304 obtained by both direct and reactive sputtering process was amorphous in nature. However, after annealing crystalline peaks were observed.

印度铁路内燃机车出口挑战

简要介绍了印度铁路迄今以来的内燃机车出口情况 ,其中包括几种典型的出口机车的主要设计特点和技术参数 ;同时还描述了对出口内燃机车的要求和未来的挑战 ,其中包括技术升级 ,降低生产成本和寿命期成本 ,对样机进行验证和试验 ,缩短设计周期 。