A generic numerical model of a long-wavelength Avalanche Photodiode (APD) based on narrow bandgap semiconductor InAsSb on InAs substrate is reported for the first time. This model has been applied for theoretical char...A generic numerical model of a long-wavelength Avalanche Photodiode (APD) based on narrow bandgap semiconductor InAsSb on InAs substrate is reported for the first time. This model has been applied for theoretical characterization of a proposed N+ InAS/P-InAsSb avalanche photodiode structure for possible application in 2-5 μm wavelength region. The parameters such as gain,excess noise factor and their trade-off with variation of doping concentration and bias voltage have been estimated for the APD taking into account history-dependent theory of avalanche multiplication process. The LWIR APD is expected to find application in optical gas sensor and in future generation of optical communication system.展开更多
The guinea pigs were dermally exposed to nickel (Ni), sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) and in their combination for 7 and 14 days. The exposure to Ni and SLS produced changes in enzymes and lipid peroxidation in kidney. T...The guinea pigs were dermally exposed to nickel (Ni), sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) and in their combination for 7 and 14 days. The exposure to Ni and SLS produced changes in enzymes and lipid peroxidation in kidney. The exposure to Ni or SLS depicted slight changes while combined exposure to Ni plus SLS exhibited more degenerative changes in kidney. The result of the study suggests that industrial workers and/or populations exposed simultaneously to Ni and SLS produces more damage to kidney.展开更多
The guinea pigs were dermally exposed to paraphenylenediamine (PPD) and in presence of an oxidising agent hydrogen peroxide for 15 and 30 d to assess their effects on some enzymes, lipid peroxidation and histamine con...The guinea pigs were dermally exposed to paraphenylenediamine (PPD) and in presence of an oxidising agent hydrogen peroxide for 15 and 30 d to assess their effects on some enzymes, lipid peroxidation and histamine contents in the skin. The activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases, β-glucuronidase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, histidase and tyrosinase were enhanced after application of either PPD or PPD plus hydrogen peroxide. The lipid peroxidation and histamine contents also showed marked elevation following exposure to the chemicals.展开更多
The topological insulators Bi_(2-x)Fe_(x)Se_(3-x)S_(x) have been investigated by the dc-magnetization,magnetotransport and angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy(ARPES)techniques.With doping of Fe and S,a negative ...The topological insulators Bi_(2-x)Fe_(x)Se_(3-x)S_(x) have been investigated by the dc-magnetization,magnetotransport and angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy(ARPES)techniques.With doping of Fe and S,a negative giant magneto-resistance(MR)is observed for parallel electric and magnetic fields(H||E).The MR behavior at lower magnetic field can be explained with the semi-classical theory whereas the MR behavior at higher field has been attributed to the axial anomaly.Interestingly,the system reached to the quantum limit at low magnetic field(~4.5T).The magnetic ordering can be explained with the presence of both the RKKY(surface)and van-Vleck(bulk)interaction.The ARPES study reveals that a surface gap is suppressed when the magnetic ordering changes from ferromagnetic to anti-ferromagnetic ordering.The ARPES study and the appearance of quantum oscillations(SdH)in the resistivity pattern reveal that the topological surface property is preserved with the co-doping of Fe and S.展开更多
Ghasemzadeh and Abounouri[1]developed a mathematical model of partially saturated soils that is solved using the potential method,which decomposes elastodynamics equations into two standard wave equations,a scalar wav...Ghasemzadeh and Abounouri[1]developed a mathematical model of partially saturated soils that is solved using the potential method,which decomposes elastodynamics equations into two standard wave equations,a scalar wave equation for scalar potential and a vector wave equation for vector potential.In such a medium,four waves exist three longitudinal and one shear.Each fluid phase tortuous path is taken into account in this model.The inertial coupling between solid and fluid particles is consid-ered.Furthermore,both open-pore and sealed-pore boundaries are explored to investigate the reflection phenomenon at the surface of partially saturated soils.For both boundaries,the reflection coefficients of inhomogeneous waves at a partially saturated soil surface are found as a non-singular set of linear equations.All waves(both reflected and incident)in partially saturated soils are pronounced as inhomogeneous due to viscosity in pore fluids(i.e.,distinct directions of attenuation and propagation).The energy shares of reflected waves are determined using an energy matrix.A numerical example is used to determine the reflection coefficients and the distribution of incident energy among the various reflected waves.The effect of different physical features on reflection coefficients and incident energy partitioning is illustrated graphically.The conservation of incident energy at the surface of partially saturated soils is mathematically confirmed at all angles of incidence.展开更多
The major purpose of this paper is to find an alternative configuration that not only minimizes the limitations of single-gate（SG） MOSFETs but also provides the better replacement for future technology.In this paper...The major purpose of this paper is to find an alternative configuration that not only minimizes the limitations of single-gate（SG） MOSFETs but also provides the better replacement for future technology.In this paper,the electrical characteristics of SiGe double-gate N-MOSFET are demonstrated and compared with electrical characteristics of Si double-gate N-MOSFET.Furthermore,in this paper the electrical characteristics of Si doublegate N-MOSFET are demonstrated and compared with electrical characteristics of Si single-gate N-MOSFET.The simulations are carried out for the device at different operational voltages using Cogenda Visual TCAD tool.Moreover,we have designed its structure and studied both Id-Vg characteristics for different voltages namely 0.05,0.1,0.5,0.8,1 and 1.5 V and Id-Vd characteristics for different voltages namely 0.1,0.5,1 and 1.5 V at work functions 4.5,4.6 and 4.8 eV for this structure.The performance parameters investigated in this paper are threshold voltage,DIBL,subthreshold slope,GIDL,volume inversion and MMCR.展开更多
文摘A generic numerical model of a long-wavelength Avalanche Photodiode (APD) based on narrow bandgap semiconductor InAsSb on InAs substrate is reported for the first time. This model has been applied for theoretical characterization of a proposed N+ InAS/P-InAsSb avalanche photodiode structure for possible application in 2-5 μm wavelength region. The parameters such as gain,excess noise factor and their trade-off with variation of doping concentration and bias voltage have been estimated for the APD taking into account history-dependent theory of avalanche multiplication process. The LWIR APD is expected to find application in optical gas sensor and in future generation of optical communication system.
文摘The guinea pigs were dermally exposed to nickel (Ni), sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) and in their combination for 7 and 14 days. The exposure to Ni and SLS produced changes in enzymes and lipid peroxidation in kidney. The exposure to Ni or SLS depicted slight changes while combined exposure to Ni plus SLS exhibited more degenerative changes in kidney. The result of the study suggests that industrial workers and/or populations exposed simultaneously to Ni and SLS produces more damage to kidney.
文摘The guinea pigs were dermally exposed to paraphenylenediamine (PPD) and in presence of an oxidising agent hydrogen peroxide for 15 and 30 d to assess their effects on some enzymes, lipid peroxidation and histamine contents in the skin. The activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases, β-glucuronidase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, histidase and tyrosinase were enhanced after application of either PPD or PPD plus hydrogen peroxide. The lipid peroxidation and histamine contents also showed marked elevation following exposure to the chemicals.
基金Authors are grateful to CIF,IIT(BHU)for providing magnetic measurement facility.The ARPES measurements were performed with the approval of the Proposal Assessing Committee of the Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center(Proposal Numbers:18AG029 and 18BG031).
文摘The topological insulators Bi_(2-x)Fe_(x)Se_(3-x)S_(x) have been investigated by the dc-magnetization,magnetotransport and angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy(ARPES)techniques.With doping of Fe and S,a negative giant magneto-resistance(MR)is observed for parallel electric and magnetic fields(H||E).The MR behavior at lower magnetic field can be explained with the semi-classical theory whereas the MR behavior at higher field has been attributed to the axial anomaly.Interestingly,the system reached to the quantum limit at low magnetic field(~4.5T).The magnetic ordering can be explained with the presence of both the RKKY(surface)and van-Vleck(bulk)interaction.The ARPES study reveals that a surface gap is suppressed when the magnetic ordering changes from ferromagnetic to anti-ferromagnetic ordering.The ARPES study and the appearance of quantum oscillations(SdH)in the resistivity pattern reveal that the topological surface property is preserved with the co-doping of Fe and S.
文摘Ghasemzadeh and Abounouri[1]developed a mathematical model of partially saturated soils that is solved using the potential method,which decomposes elastodynamics equations into two standard wave equations,a scalar wave equation for scalar potential and a vector wave equation for vector potential.In such a medium,four waves exist three longitudinal and one shear.Each fluid phase tortuous path is taken into account in this model.The inertial coupling between solid and fluid particles is consid-ered.Furthermore,both open-pore and sealed-pore boundaries are explored to investigate the reflection phenomenon at the surface of partially saturated soils.For both boundaries,the reflection coefficients of inhomogeneous waves at a partially saturated soil surface are found as a non-singular set of linear equations.All waves(both reflected and incident)in partially saturated soils are pronounced as inhomogeneous due to viscosity in pore fluids(i.e.,distinct directions of attenuation and propagation).The energy shares of reflected waves are determined using an energy matrix.A numerical example is used to determine the reflection coefficients and the distribution of incident energy among the various reflected waves.The effect of different physical features on reflection coefficients and incident energy partitioning is illustrated graphically.The conservation of incident energy at the surface of partially saturated soils is mathematically confirmed at all angles of incidence.
文摘The major purpose of this paper is to find an alternative configuration that not only minimizes the limitations of single-gate（SG） MOSFETs but also provides the better replacement for future technology.In this paper,the electrical characteristics of SiGe double-gate N-MOSFET are demonstrated and compared with electrical characteristics of Si double-gate N-MOSFET.Furthermore,in this paper the electrical characteristics of Si doublegate N-MOSFET are demonstrated and compared with electrical characteristics of Si single-gate N-MOSFET.The simulations are carried out for the device at different operational voltages using Cogenda Visual TCAD tool.Moreover,we have designed its structure and studied both Id-Vg characteristics for different voltages namely 0.05,0.1,0.5,0.8,1 and 1.5 V and Id-Vd characteristics for different voltages namely 0.1,0.5,1 and 1.5 V at work functions 4.5,4.6 and 4.8 eV for this structure.The performance parameters investigated in this paper are threshold voltage,DIBL,subthreshold slope,GIDL,volume inversion and MMCR.
