MR血管成像的深度学习:脑动脉瘤的自动检测

目的开发和评估一种用在时间飞跃法MR血管成像中检测脑动脉瘤的深度学习的支持算法,以对放射科医师的诊断进行再评估。材料与方法2006年11月—2017年10月期间,从4个机构获取由放射科医生报告的包含动脉瘤的MR影像。

前列腺癌活检术后出血和MR诊断时肿瘤可检出性的相关性研究

目的以组织病理学结果为参照标准，回顾性评价前列腺癌活检术后出血对MRT2WI、动态增强MRI和DWI对肿瘤检出准确性的影响。方法本研究经伦理委员会同意并免除知情同意书。40例男性前列腺癌病人，年龄62～84岁（平均71岁），超声（US）引导系统下前列腺的12针活检术后行前列腺MRI检查。活检和MRI检查间隔平均24d（6-54d）。在1．5TMR设备上行T1WI、T2WI、动态增强与DWI检查。依据活检部位，于MR影像上将前列腺分为8个区域。3位医师共同分析每个区域是否有出血及有无前列腺癌，

高剂量免疫栓塞对葡萄膜黑色素瘤肝转移病人生存时间延长的研究

目的回顾性评价接受1，3-二（2-氯乙烷）-1-亚硝基脲化疗栓塞（CE）或免疫栓塞（IE）治疗肝转移灶的葡萄膜黑色素瘤病人生存时间的预后影响因素。材料与方法本临床研究获得了学术委员会的批准，共53例用CE或IE治疗的葡萄膜黑色素瘤连续病例纳入研究。回顾性评价与总体生存时间（OS）、肝脏和肝外（全身）器官病变无进展生存时间（PFS）相关的预后影响因素。

日本地壳大地震的位置及成因的证据

1885～1999年的115年间日本地壳中的大地震(震级5.7～8.0,深度0～20 km)发生在由地震层析成像揭示出的低速区及其周围。低速区可能代表孕震地壳的薄弱部分。地壳弱化被认为与该区内太平洋板块和菲律宾海板块的俯冲密切相关。沿火山前沿及弧后区的地壳弱化可能是由活火山及岩浆房造成的。在弧前区,在地震震源区探测到了流体,这种流体可能会促使地壳弱化和破裂成核。流体可能与俯冲的菲律宾海板块的脱水作用有关。这些结果表明,地壳中的大地震并非在什么地方都会发生,而仅发生在用地球物理方法可能会探测到的异常区内。

Effect of Cold-Rolling on Precipitation Phenomena in Sensitized Type 316L and 304L Austenitic Stainless Steels

Precipitation phenomena in Type 316L and 304L stainless steels were studied mainly by transmission electron microscopic (TEM) observations after cold-rolling ranging from 0% (as solution annealed) to 80% reduction in thickness, and then by sensitization treatment. Precipitates were identified by electron diffraction analysis and EDS analysis. Precipitates observed in sensitized 316L stainless steel were sigma and chi phases, whereas carbide and sigma were observed in sensitized 304L stainless steel. Recrystallized grains were formed in 30% cold-rolled and sensitized 304L. However, the tendency toward recrystallization in sensitized 316L was much lower than in 304L. Precipitation of sigma and chi phases was accelerated by cold-rolling and they were observed at grain boundaries in lower cold-rolling; they were also seen, in grain interiors in higher cold-rolling. Higher deformation induced partially recrystallization combined with precipitation, resulting in the formation of heterogeneous microstructures.

Microstructure of Nitrided Aluminum Alloys Using an Electron-Beam-Excited-Plasma (EBEP)

Nitriding of surface of aluminum alloys was carried out with using an electron-beam-excited-plasma (EBEP) technique. The EBEP is sustained by electron impact ionization with energetic electron beam. Two kinds of substrates, aluminum alloys AA5052 and AA5083, were exposed to the down flow of EBEP source at 843 K for 45min. The specimens were characterized with respect to following properties: crystallographic structure (XRD), morphology (SEM) and the cross sectional microstructures of the nitrided layer was observed using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). There are some A12O3 particles on the surface of the nitrided AA5052 and AA5083. The A1N layers were formed on the substrates with the thickness of 4.5 fi m for AA5052 and 0.5 /z m for AA5083 . A relatively uniform nitrided surface layer composed of A1N can be observed on the AA5052 substrate. The grains size near the interfaces between the substrate and A1N layer were smaller than that near the surface. On the surface of A1N layer, the concentration of nitrogen was high and in the middle of A1N layer it had a constant concentration like the aluminum and the concentration was decreased with approaching to the interface. On the surface of nitrided AA5083, a uniform A1N layer was not formed as the reason for the high nitriding temperature.

儿童MRI上中央被盖束对称性高信号病灶

中央被盖束（cTr）是连接红核与下橄榄核的锥体外束的主要部分。儿童MRI上CTF异常仅有少量个案报道。本研究的目的是评估CTF病灶的发病率及其在MRI上的特征以及MRI上所见与临床表现的关系。回顾性总结了392例（215例男孩和177例女孩）年龄为1～6岁的儿童的MRI。为评估中央被盖束对称性高信号病灶，

儿童骨髓移植的中枢神经系统并发症

骨髓移植(BMT)广泛地应用于肿瘤和非肿瘤疾病的治疗。骨髓移植前,病人要接受高剂量化疗,经常联合应用全身放疗。

BOTTOM MESONS(B=±1)B^+=u,B^0=d,B^0=db,B^-=b,similarly for B~*'s

Many measurements of B decays involve admixtures of B hadrons. Previously we arbitrarily included such admixtures in the B±section, but because of their importance we have created two new sections：

N BARYONS(S=0,I=1/2)p,N^+=uud;n,N^0=udd

p MASS （atomic mass units u）The mass is known much more precisely in u （atomic mass units） than in MeV. See the next data block.

BOTTOM,CHARMED MESONS(B=C=±1)B_c^+=c,B_c^-=cb,similarly for B_c~*'s

I（JP） = 0（0-）I, J, P need confirmation.Quantum numbers shown are quark-model predictions.

REVIEW OF PARTICLE PHYSICS

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,283 new measurements from 899 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as heavy neutrinos, supersymmetric and technicolor particles, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Supersymmetry, Extra Dimensions, Particle Detectors, Probability, and Statistics. Among the 112 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on： Dark Energy, Higgs Boson Physics, Electroweak Model, Neutrino Cross Section Measurements, Monte Carlo Neutrino Generators, Top Quark, Dark Matter, Dynamical Electroweak Symmetry Breaking, Accelerator Physics of Colliders, High-Energy Collider Parameters, Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, Astrophysical Constants and Cosmological Parameters. A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review. All tables, listings, and reviews （and errata） are also available on the Particle Data Group website： http ：//pdg. lbl. gov.

CHARMED BARYONS(C=+1)∧_c^+=udc,∑_c^(++)=uuc,∑_c^+=udc,∑_c^0=ddc,≡_c^+=usc,≡_c^0=dsc,Ω_c^0=ssc

CHARMED BARYONS Revised March 2012 by C.G. Wohl （LBNL）. There are 17 known charmed baryons, and four other candidates not well enough established to be promoted to the Summary Tables.＊ Fig. l（a） shows the mass spectrum,

PARTICLE DETECTORS AT ACCELERATORS

33.1. Introduction This review summarizes the detector technologies employed at accelerator particle physics experiments. Several of these detectors are also used in a non-accelerator context and examples of such applications will be provided. The detector techniques which are specific to non-accelerator particle physics experiments are the subject of Chap.

INTRODUCTION

1. Overview The Review of Particle Physics and the abbreviated version, the Particle Physics Booklet, are reviews of the field of Particle Physics. This complete Review includes a compilation/evaluation of data on particle properties, called the ＂Particle Listings.＂ These Listings include 3,283 new measurements from 899 papers, in addition to the 32,153 measurements from 8,944 papers that first appeared in previous editions [1].

BOTTOM BARYONS(B=-1)∧_b^0=udb,≡_b^0=usb,≡_b^-=dsb,Ω_b^-=ssb

In the quark model, a ∧b0 is an isospin-0 udb state. The lowest ∧b0 ought to have JP = 1/2＋. None of I, J, or P have actually been measured.

∧ BARYONS(S=-1,I=0)∧~0=uds

We have omitted some results that have been superseded by later experiments. See our earlier editions.

SU(3) ISOSCALAR FACTORS AND REPRESENTATION MATRICES

Written by R.L. Kelly （LBNL）. The most commonly used SU（3） isoscalar factors, corresponding to the singlet, octet, and deeuplet content of 8 8 and 10 8, are shown at the right. The notation uses particle names to identify the coefficients, so that the pattern of relative couplings may be seen at a glance. We illustrate the use of the coefficients below.

QUARKS

QUARK MASSESUpdated Jan 2014 by A.V. Manohar （University of California, San Diego） and C.T. Sachrajda （University of Southampton）

ELECTROWEAK MODEL AND CONSTRAINTS ON NEW PHYSICS

Revised November 2013 by J. Erler （U. Mexico） and A. Freit＆s （Pittsburgh U.）.10.1 Introduction 10.2 Renormalization and radiative corrections