Commercial indium-tin oxide glass:A catalyst electrode for efficient N_(2)reduction at ambient conditions

The typical Haber technical process for industrial NH_(3)production involves plenty of energy-consumption and large quantities of greenhouse gas emission.In contrast,electrochemical N_(2)reduction proffers environment-friendly and energy-efficient avenues to synthesize NH_(3)at mild conditions but demands efficient electrocatalysts for the N_(2)reduction reaction(NRR).Herein we report for the first time that commercial indium-tin oxide glass(ITO/G)can be used as a catalyst electrode toward artificial N_(2)fixation,as it demonstrates excellent selectivity at mild conditions.Such ITO/G delivers excellent NRR performance with a NH_(3)yield of 1.06×10^(-10) mol s^(-1) cm^(-2) and a faradaic efficiency of 6.17%at-0.40 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE)in 0.5 M LiClO4.Furthermore,the ITO/G also possesses good electrochemical stability and durability.Finally,the possible reaction mechanism for the NRR on the ITO catalysts was explored using first-principles calculations.

La-doped TiO_(2) nanorods toward boosted electrocatalytic N_(2)-to-NH_(3)conversion at ambient conditions

Electrochemical N_(2) reduction provides a green and sustainable alternative to the Haber-Bosch technology for NH_(3 )synthesis.However,the extreme inertness of N_(2) molecules is a formidable challenge,which requires the development of an active electrocatalyst to drive the N_(2) reduction reaction(NRR)for NH_(3) production at ambient conditions.Herein,we demonstrate the development of La-doped TiO_(2) nanorods as an efficient NRR electrocatalyst for ambient NH3 synthesis.The optimized La-TiO_(2) catalyst offers a large NH_(3) yield of 23.06 pg h1 mgcat 1 and a high Faradaic efficiency of 14.54%at-0.70 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode in 0.1 M L1CIO_(4),outperforming most La-and Ti-based catalysts reported before.Significantly,it also demonstrates high electrochemical stability and its activity decay is negligible after 48 h test.The mechanism is further revealed by density functional theory calculations.

Effect of imidazole based polymer blend electrolytes for dye-sensitized solar cells in energy harvesting window glass applications

The exploration of polymer electrolyte in the field of dye sensitized solar cell(DSSC) can contribute to increase the invention of renewable energy applications. In the present work, the influence of imidazole on the poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)–poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA)–Ethylene carbonate(EC)–KI–I2 polymer blend electrolytes has been evaluated. The different weight percentages of imidazole added into polymer blend electrolytes have been prepared by solution casting. The prepared films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), X-ray diffraction(XRD), thermogravimetric analysis(TGA), UV–visible spectra, photoluminescence spectra and impedance spectroscopy. The surface roughness texture of the film was analyzed by atomic force microscopy(AFM). The ionic conductivity of the optimized polymer blend electrolyte was determined by impedance measurement, which is 1.95 × 10-3 S·cm-1 at room temperature. The polymer electrolyte containing 40 wt% of imidazole content exhibits the highest photo-conversion efficiency of 3.04%under the illumination of 100 m W·cm-2. Moreover, a considerable enhancement in the stability of the DSSC device was demonstrated.

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Spectroscopic Properties of 1,2-Benzothiazine Derivatives:An Experimental and DFT Study

1,2-Benzothiazine derivatives methyl 3-methoxy-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[e] [1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylate 1,1-dioxide（1） and methyl 2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2Hbenzo[e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylate 1,1-dioxide（2） were synthesized, and characterized by spectroscopic techniques; 1H-NMR and infrared（IR） spectroscopy. Crystals of 1 and 2 were grown by slow evaporation of methanol and ethyl acetate, respectively and their crystal structures were investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Geometric properties were calculated by the B3 LYP method of density functional theory（DFT） at the 6-31G＋（d） basis set to compare with the experimental data. Simulated properties were found in strong agreement with the experimental ones. Intermolecular forces have also been modeled in order to investigate the strength of packing and strong hydrogen bonding was observed in both compounds 1 and 2. Electronic properties such as Ionization Potential（IP）, Electron Affinities（EA） and coefficients of the highest occupied molecular orbital（HOMO） and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital（LUMO） of com- pounds 1 and 2 were simulated for the first time.

相位可控的氟钪纳米晶的合成及其上转换发光性能

控制反应条件如表面活性剂的组成、加入量或反应时间,可以制得不同形态、相结构且具有上转换发光(UCL)的氟钪纳米晶(NCs)。改变表面活性剂油酸(OA)/油胺(OM)的比例有利于晶体结构从立方相ScF3∶Yb,Er转变为具有上转换发光性能增强的正交相KSc2F7∶Yb,Er纳米晶,而纳米晶的形态会发生从小到大的转变。改变掺杂元素的种类及含量,在980nm光激发下,KSc2F7纳米晶的上转换发光可以从蓝色变到白色,再到主要发射紫色光。

Preparation of new and novel wave like poly(2-anisidine) zirconium tungstate nanocomposite: Thermal, electrical and ion-selective studies

It is necessary to synthesize new material for the advancements of the technology. In this study, new and novel poly(2-anisidine)@zirconium tungstate(P2A/ZrW_2O_8) was synthesized by simple so-gel method. Physicochemical characterization of P2A/ZrW_2O_8 was done by thermogravimetric analysis(TGA), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray powder diffraction(XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), ion exchange and simultaneous four probe dc conductivity studies. The conductivity study revealed its highly semiconducting nature, in the range of 10^(-1)–10^(-2) S·cm^(-1). Ion-exchange capabilities of the composite make it applicable for cation-exchange studies. The result of distribution studies(Kd) revealed its selectivity towards Cd^(2+) compared to other metal ions. This property of the composite was utilized for designing Cd^(2+) selective membrane electrode. Several important physical parameters of the ion-selective electrode were determined, such as Nernstian slope(32.32 mV·decade^(-1)), working pH range was 2.0–4.0 and response time was found ～ 17 s.The analytical utility of this wave like composite membrane electrode was as, indicator electrode in various potentiometric titrations.

PHOTOCHROMIC PROPERTIES OF (E)-DICYCLOPROPYLMETHYLENE-(2,5-DIMETHYL-3-FURYLETHYLIDENE)-SUCCINIC ANHYDRIDE DOPED IN POLYSTYRENE THIN FILMS

Fulgide 1-E doped in polystyrene polymer films was heated at various annealing temperatures.Upon irradiation with UV light(366 nm),fulgide 1-E undergoes a conrotatory ring closure to the pink colored closed form 1-C.The later color was switched back to the original color when the films were irradiated with white light.The kinetics of photocoloration and photobleaching processes were followed spectrophotometrically by monitoring the absorbance of the ring closed product 1-C at itsλ_(max) of 525 nm.The first-...

Aluminium phthalocyanine chloride thin films for temperature sensing

This study presents the fabrication and temperature sensing properties of sensors based on aluminium phthalocyanine chloride （AlPcCl） thin films. To fabricate the sensors, 50-nm-thick electrodes with 50-μ gaps between them are deposited on glass substrates. AlPcCl thin films with thickness of 50–100 nm are deposited in the gap between electrodes by thermal evaporation. The resistance of the sensors decreases with increasing thickness and the annealing at 100 ℃ results in an increase in the initial resistance of sensors up to 24%. The sensing mechanism is based on the change in resistance with temperature. For temperature varying from 25 ℃ to 80 ℃, the change in resistance is up to 60%. Simulation is carried out and results obtained coincide with experimental data with an error of ±1%.

One-pot Multicomponent Synthesis, Spectroscopy, Crystal Structures and Theoretical Calculations of 3-Cyano-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-phenyl-2(1H)-pyridinone and 3-Cyano-4-chlorophenyl-6-(4-tolyl)-2(1H)-pyridinone

Pyridinone derivatives are of great interest in medicinal chemistry where they were found to be potent to various diseases. Their metal complexes added more value to their applications. Here, we have synthesized two 2-pyridinone derivatives(3-cyano-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-phenyl-2(1 H)-pyridinone and 3-cyano-4-chlorophenyl-6-(4-tolyl)-2(1 H)-pyridinone) using one-pot multicomponent system. They were well characterized using spectroscopic techniques like nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR-1 H & 13 C), Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) and UV/Vis spectroscopy. The final structures were determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique which helps us to determine their geometries. Density functional theory(DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory(TD-DFT) with suitable basis-sets of calculations have correctly simulated these spectroscopic parameters. The intramolecular charge transfer(ICT) of both substrates has been discussed using natural bond orbital(NBO) technique. Molecular electrostatic potential(MEP) surfaces showed their reactive locations for intermolecular charge transfer. Compared to p-nitroaniline(pNA), both substrates were shown to have substantial molecular hyperpolarizability.

Interaction of antipsychotic drug with novel surfactants: Micellization and binding studies

The interaction of cationic gemini surfactants(alkanediyl-α,ω-bis(alkyl dimethylammonium bromide)) with an antipsychotic drug(chlorpromazine hydrochloride(CPZ)) has been investigated. Various micellar and interfacial parameters have been deliberated by surface tension measurement to report the nature of interactions between drug and novel surfactant mixtures. The behavior of mixed systems, their compositions and activities of components have been analyzed in the light of Rubingh's theory. The results indicate synergism in the binary mixtures.The binding study between CPZ and surfactants has been done by spectroscopic techniques such as UV–visible and fluorescence. The results are discussed in the light of the use of gemini surfactants as promising drug delivery agents for phenothiazine drugs, and hence, improve their bioavailability.

电解质在超级电容器中的应用

超级电容器作为一种新型储能装置,因充放电快、功率密度高和循环寿命长的优异性能而引起了广泛的关注。电解质作为影响超级电容器性能的关键因素之一,其离子类型与尺寸、电化学窗口及电导率等性质对器件的工作电压、能量密度及循环寿命有着重要影响。针对近年来的研究现状,本文概述了超级电容器的储能原理、性能评估的关键参数及电解质在超级电容器中的应用研究进展。介绍了电解质的分类,包括水系电解质、有机电解质、离子液电解质和氧化还原电解质在内的液态电解质,及包括固态聚合物电解质、无机固态电解质及凝胶聚合物电解质在内的固态/准固态电解质。评述各类电解质的最新研发进展,讨论了电解质性质对超级电容器性能的影响,并阐明了超级电容器电解质的设计和优化方法。最后,分析了制备高性能电解质所面临的困难,并就其未来的研究方向作出了展望。

农林废弃生物质吸附材料在水污染治理中的应用

环境污染问题已经成为人类社会可持续发展的巨大挑战之一,化工、冶炼及核燃料循环过程等排放的废水中含大量重金属离子、有机物及放射性核素等,若未经处理即排放会给环境带来了极大的危害。吸附法的效率高、操作简单、低成本且无副产物、可循环利用及无二次污染等优点使其成为废水处理的重要方法之一。由于农林废弃生物质成本低、来源丰富、绿色环保且可再生,以其为原料制备的吸附材料被广泛研究。本文主要针对以农林废弃生物质为原料制备的生物炭、纤维素及木质素为研究对象,综述了生物炭的制备及改性方法、天然纤维素及木质素的改性方法及其在水污染治理中的应用现状。从原材料、制备工艺、改性方法等方面总结分析了吸附材料的性能对水中污染物吸附的影响,提出了生物质基吸附材料在水污染治理应用中所存在的问题,并展望了未来的发展方向。

多取代吡唑合成最新研究进展

吡唑是一类重要的五元含氮杂环化合物,广泛存在于许多天然产物、生物活性分子和药物分子中,而且是一类重要的有机合成中间体.因此,近年来吡唑及其衍生物的合成引起了科学家们的极大兴趣,并得以迅速发展.对近年来多取代吡唑的合成新方法进行了综述,以期对相关领域的研究起到一定的辅助与推动作用.

奥沙普秦丹皮酚酯的合成及抗炎活性研究（英文）

奥沙普秦是临床常用抗炎药物,口服易造成胃肠穿孔,与其分子结构中羧酸基团引起的局部刺激密切相关.丹皮酚是牡丹的有效成分,有抗炎、抗氧化的功效.合成了奥沙普秦丹皮酚酯(OPE),试图在避免胃肠道并发症的同时,提高其抗炎效果.通过12-O-十四烷基佛波醇-13-乙酸酯(TPA)诱导的小鼠耳水肿模型评价了OPE的局部抗炎作用.结果显示局部应用OPE可有效改善TPA诱导的耳廓肿胀,抗炎效果是奥沙普秦的2倍,是丹皮酚的4倍.而且OPE可有效改善耳片组织IL-1β,IL-6和TNF-α的表达,效果优于奥沙普秦和丹皮酚.进一步研究显示OPE可通过阻断IκB激酶(IKK)活性来下调kappa-κB(NF-κB)的活性.

Mn3O4 nanoparticles@reduced graphene oxide composite:An efficient electrocatalyst for artificial N2 fixation to NH3 at ambient conditions

Currently,industrial-scale NH3 production almost relies on energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process from atmospheric N2 with large amount of CO2 emission,while low-cost and high-efficient catalysts are demanded for the N2 reduction reaction (NRR).In this study,Mn3O4 nanoparticles@reduced graphene oxide (Mn3O4@rGO) composite is reported as an efficient NRR electrocatalyst with excellent selectivity for NH3 formation.In 0.1 M Na2SO4 solution,such catalyst obtains a NH3 yield of 17.4 μg·h^-1·mg^-1cat.and a Faradaic efficiency of 3.52% at-0.85 V vs.reversible hydrogen electrode.Notably,it also shows high electrochemical stability during electrolysis process.Density functional theory (DFT) calculations also demonstrate that the (112) planes of Mn3O4 possess superior NRR activity.

Iron-group electrocatalysts for ambient nitrogen reduction reaction in aqueous media

Electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR)is considered as an alternative to the industrial Haber-Bosch process for NH3 production due to both low energy consumption and environment friendliness.However,the major problem of electrochemical NRR is the unsatisfied efficiency and selectivity of electrocatalyst.As one group of the cheapest and most abundant transition metals,iron-group(Fe,Co,Ni and Cu)electrocatalysts show promising potential on cost and performance advantages as ideal substitute for traditional noble-metal catalysts.In this minireview,we summarize recent advances of iron-group-based materials(including their oxides,hydroxides,nitrides,sulfides and phosphides,etc.)as non-noble metal electrocatalysts towards ambient N2-to-NH3 conversion in aqueous media.Strategies to boost NRR performances and perspectives for future developments are discussed to provide guidance for the field of NRR studies.

Co3(hexahydroxytriphenylene)2:A conductive metal-organic framework for ambient electrocatalytic N2 reduction to NH3

As a carbon-neutral alternative to the Haber-Bosch process,electrochemical N2 reduction enables environment-friendly NH3 synthesis at ambient conditions but needs active electrocatalysts for the N2 reduction reaction.Here,we report that conductive metal-organic framework CO3(hexahydroxytriphenylene)2(Co3 HHTP2)nanoparticles act as an efficient catalyst for ambient electrochemical N2-to-NH3 fixation.When tested in 0.5 M LiClO4,such Co3 HHTP2 achieves a large NH3 yield of 22.14μg·h^-1·mg^-1 cat.with a faradaic efficiency of 3.34%at-0.40 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode.This catalyst also shows high electrochemical stability and excellent selectivity toward NH3 synthesis.

Enhancing electrocatalytic N_(2)-to-NH_(3) fixation by suppressing hydrogen evolution with alkylthiols modified Fe_(3)P nanoarrays

Electrocatalytic N_(2) reduction provides an attractive alternative to Haber-Bosch process for artificial NH_(3) synthesis.The difficulty of suppressing competing proton reduction,however,largely impedes its practical use.Herein,we design a hydrophobic octadecanethiol-modified Fe_(3)P nanoarrays supported on carbon paper(C18@Fe_(3)P/CP)to effectively repel water,concentrate N_(2),and enhance N_(2)-to-NH_(3) conversion.Such catalyst achieves an NH_(3) yield of 1.80×10^(-10) mol s^(-1)·cm^(-2) and a high Faradaic efficiency of 11.22%in 0.1 M Na_(2)SO_(4),outperforming the non-modified Fe_(3)P/CP(2.16×10^(-11) mol s^(-1)·cm^(-2),0.9%)counterpart.Significantly,C18@Fe_(3)P/CP renders steady Nrfixing activlty/selectivity in cycling test and exhibits durability for at least 25 h.First-principles calculations suggest that the surface electronic structure and chemical activity of Fe_(3)P can be well tuned by the thiol modification,which facilitates N_(2) electroreduction activity and catalytic formation of NH_(3).

Synthesis of Dy_2O_3 nanoparticles via hydroxide precipitation: effect of calcination temperature

This work described the preparation of dysprosium oxide, Dy203, nanoparticles using the homogeneous precipitation method. Dy3＋ ions were precipitated using NaOH solution. The obtained product was filtered, dried, and then calcined for 1 h at the temperature range of 300-700 ℃ in static air. The calcination temperature of the Dy-precttrsor was chosen based on its decomposi- tion as indicated by the TGA analysis. The crystalline structure and surface morphology of the calcined solids were studied by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, field emission scanning electron microscopy （FE-SEM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and X-ray pho- toelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. The obtained results revealed that Dy203 with crystallites size of 11-21 nm was formed at 500 ℃. Such value increased to 25-37 nm for the sample calcined at 700 ℃.

Cu_(2)Sb decorated Cu nanowire arrays for selective electrocatalytic CO_(2)to CO conversion

The advancement of cost-effective and selective electrocatalyst towards CO_(2) to CO conversion is crucial for renewable energy conversion and storage,thus to achieve carbon-neutral cycle in a sustainable manner.In this communication,we report that CujSb decorated Cu nanowire arrays on Cu foil act as a highly active and selective electrocatalyst for CO_(2) to CO conversion.In CO_(2)-saturated 0.1 M KHCO_(3),it achieves a high Faraday efficiency(FE)of 86.5%for CO,at-0.90 V vs.reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE).The H_(2)/CO ratio is tunable from 0.08:1 to 5.9:1 by adjusting the potential.It is worth noting that HCOO-product was totally suppressed on such catalyst,compared with Sb counterpart.The improving selectivity for CO could be attributed to the bimetallic effect and nanowire arrays structure.