城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰和垃圾渗滤液膜浓缩液的环境无害化处置已成为目前行业和政府管理部门亟待解决的难题.遵循"以废治废"的研究思路,利用填料柱开展了生活垃圾焚烧飞灰去除NF(纳滤)膜浓缩液中COD_(Cr)的特性研究,重点研究...城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰和垃圾渗滤液膜浓缩液的环境无害化处置已成为目前行业和政府管理部门亟待解决的难题.遵循"以废治废"的研究思路,利用填料柱开展了生活垃圾焚烧飞灰去除NF(纳滤)膜浓缩液中COD_(Cr)的特性研究,重点研究了不同淋滤速率(40、60、80 m L/h)、填料层厚度(5、15、25 cm)条件下NF膜浓缩液中COD_(Cr)随淋滤时间的去除效果.结果表明:NF膜浓缩液中COD_(Cr)的去除主要依靠飞灰的吸附、化学沉淀以及截留作用;淋滤速率对NF膜浓缩液中COD_(Cr)的去除效果影响很小,COD_(Cr)去除率随填料层厚度增加而增大;当填料层厚度为15 cm、淋滤速率为60 m L/h时,飞灰对垃圾渗滤液纳滤膜浓缩液中COD_(Cr)的去除效果总体达到最佳,且相应灰渣的含盐量以及Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd、Cr的浸出毒性均显著降低.研究显示,最佳条件下飞灰对NF膜浓缩液COD_(Cr)去除率可达40%以上.展开更多
Although considerable research has been conducted on nitrate reduction by zero-valent iron powder (Fe^0), these studies were mostly operated under anaerobic conditions with invariable pH that was unsuitable for prac...Although considerable research has been conducted on nitrate reduction by zero-valent iron powder (Fe^0), these studies were mostly operated under anaerobic conditions with invariable pH that was unsuitable for practical application. Without reaction conditions (dissolved oxygen or reaction pH) control, this work aimed at subjecting the kinetics of denitrification by microscale Fe^0 (160-200 mesh) to analysis the factors affecting the denitrification of nitrate and the composition of iron reductive products coating upon the iron surface. Results of the kinetics study have indicated that a higher initial concentration of nitrate would yield a greater reaction rate constant. The reduction rate of nitrate increased with increasing Fe^0 dosage. The reaction can be described as a pseudo-first order reaction with respect to nitrate concentration or Fe^0 dosage. Experimental results also suggested that nitrate reduction by microscale Fe^0 without reaction condition control primarily was an acid-driven surface-mediated process, and the reaction order was 0.65 with respect to hydrogen ion concentration. The analyses of X-ray diffractometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that a black coating, consisted of Fe2O3, Fe3O4 and FeO(OH), was formed on the surface of iron grains as an iron corrosion product when the system initial pH was lower than 5. The proportion of FeO(OH) increased as reaction time went on, whereas the proportion of Fe3O4 decreased.展开更多
文摘城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰和垃圾渗滤液膜浓缩液的环境无害化处置已成为目前行业和政府管理部门亟待解决的难题.遵循"以废治废"的研究思路,利用填料柱开展了生活垃圾焚烧飞灰去除NF(纳滤)膜浓缩液中COD_(Cr)的特性研究,重点研究了不同淋滤速率(40、60、80 m L/h)、填料层厚度(5、15、25 cm)条件下NF膜浓缩液中COD_(Cr)随淋滤时间的去除效果.结果表明:NF膜浓缩液中COD_(Cr)的去除主要依靠飞灰的吸附、化学沉淀以及截留作用;淋滤速率对NF膜浓缩液中COD_(Cr)的去除效果影响很小,COD_(Cr)去除率随填料层厚度增加而增大;当填料层厚度为15 cm、淋滤速率为60 m L/h时,飞灰对垃圾渗滤液纳滤膜浓缩液中COD_(Cr)的去除效果总体达到最佳,且相应灰渣的含盐量以及Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd、Cr的浸出毒性均显著降低.研究显示,最佳条件下飞灰对NF膜浓缩液COD_(Cr)去除率可达40%以上.
基金supported by the Development Program for Outstanding Young Teachers in Harbin Institute of Technology (No. HITQNJS. 2007. 038)
文摘Although considerable research has been conducted on nitrate reduction by zero-valent iron powder (Fe^0), these studies were mostly operated under anaerobic conditions with invariable pH that was unsuitable for practical application. Without reaction conditions (dissolved oxygen or reaction pH) control, this work aimed at subjecting the kinetics of denitrification by microscale Fe^0 (160-200 mesh) to analysis the factors affecting the denitrification of nitrate and the composition of iron reductive products coating upon the iron surface. Results of the kinetics study have indicated that a higher initial concentration of nitrate would yield a greater reaction rate constant. The reduction rate of nitrate increased with increasing Fe^0 dosage. The reaction can be described as a pseudo-first order reaction with respect to nitrate concentration or Fe^0 dosage. Experimental results also suggested that nitrate reduction by microscale Fe^0 without reaction condition control primarily was an acid-driven surface-mediated process, and the reaction order was 0.65 with respect to hydrogen ion concentration. The analyses of X-ray diffractometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that a black coating, consisted of Fe2O3, Fe3O4 and FeO(OH), was formed on the surface of iron grains as an iron corrosion product when the system initial pH was lower than 5. The proportion of FeO(OH) increased as reaction time went on, whereas the proportion of Fe3O4 decreased.