复杂天然气管网系统运行期可靠性评价体系

中国天然气管道行业正朝着规模化、网络化方向发展,整个管网系统运行期的输气保障能力受到广泛关注,对其完成输送任务的可靠性进行评价显得尤为重要。为了保障大型天然气管网系统安全、高效运行与管理,对管网系统可靠性指标、系统可靠度计算、单元可靠度计算、可靠性数据及可靠性管理开展了研究。提出了包括可靠性类、维修性类以及健壮性类的3层系统可靠性评价指标体系,建立了基于管道工艺仿真的物理管网系统可靠度分布式阶梯计算模型,能够实现管网/管道/站场系统可靠度的简化、快速计算。将该计算模型在某压气站进行案例试算,按照站场系统→典型结构→基本回路→设备单元的顺序,将管网拓扑结构由上至下拆分为不同层级的可靠性框图,再利用单体设备可靠度由下至上依次计算各层级可靠度,获得该压气站在不同压缩机启停方案下的可靠度。该研究成果为今后持续开展大型天然气管网系统可靠性评价及管理奠定了基础。

基于管网可靠度的天然气市场满意度评价

为了掌握天然气市场的供需态势,促进天然气行业发展,指导天然气管网建设规划,需要对天然气市场满意程度进行评价。天然气输送涉及基础设施设置、输送能力、安全性等,综合天然气管网供应能力和市场供需双方经济效益两方面因素,将管道供应可靠度与市场交易财务风险率相结合,构建了供需双方满意度评价方法:在一定供气量情况下,根据不同天然气用户的风险承受能力,按照用户用气优先保障顺序,分别对天然气用户和天然气管网系统的满意程度进行计算、对比,判断得出天然气市场的供需态势。运用基于管网可靠度的天然气市场满意度评价方法对某城市天然气市场进行满意度评价,结果表明:该方法是天然气市场有力的量化分析工具,能够量化供需双方的满意程度,进而掌握天然气市场的供需态势,为天然气销售、管网建设等提供决策依据。(图6,表4,参23)

The effect of nanohybrid materials on the pour-point and viscosity depressing of waxy crude oil

The pipeline transportation of waxy crude oil is a problem both at home and abroad.In this paper,a novel nanohybrid pour-point depressant (PPD) was used to decrease the pour point and viscosity of waxy crude oil.The pour point and apparent viscosity of waxy crude oil was decreased significantly upon addition of the nanohybrid PPD,and the long-term stability of the nanohybrid PPD was superior to that of a conventional ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer PPD.Polarized optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to study the effect of the nanohybrid PPD on the crystallization of crude oil.Addition of the nanohybrid PPD reduced the amount of wax crystals,prevented their aggregation,and reduced the temperature at which the crude oil started to crystallize.The significant effect of this nanohybrid PPD on the pour point and viscosity depressing of crude oil is of great importance for facilitating the safe,efficient and energy-minimized transportation of waxy crude oil.