Objective:To evaluate the presence and antibiogram pattern of Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)in retail poultry meat products.Methods:Foodborne pathogens(Salmonella and S.aureus)were isolated from poultr...Objective:To evaluate the presence and antibiogram pattern of Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)in retail poultry meat products.Methods:Foodborne pathogens(Salmonella and S.aureus)were isolated from poultry meat and confirmed with the help of biochemical and immunological test.Antibiogram of the isolates were examined by following CLS1 methods.Results:A total number of 209 poultry meat samples were collected and studied in this study.Out of which,5.26%were found contaminated with Salmonella while 18.18%were found contaminated with S.aureus.All the Salmonella and S.aureus isolates were found resistant to at least one antibiotic.About 72.72%of the Salmonella isolates showed resistance to tetracycline,while S.aureus isolates were also found highly resistant to tetracycline equal to 44.73%.One of the Salmonella isolates showed multi-drug resistance to almost six antibiotics out of nine antibiotics used in the study.Multidrug resistant S.aureus isolates were also found in the study.Conclusions:The study confirmed the presence of Salmonella and S.aureus in retail poultry meat.It is a potential threat to consumer health.To reduce the risk of contamination,good hygiene practices are necessary from processing to storage.展开更多
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder by a chronic hyperglycemic condition because of defects in insulin secretion and insulin action or both. Minor cereals are often drought tolerant and fertilizer efficient. In this revi...Diabetes is a metabolic disorder by a chronic hyperglycemic condition because of defects in insulin secretion and insulin action or both. Minor cereals are often drought tolerant and fertilizer efficient. In this review we focus the content and bioavailability of phytochemicals in some minor cereals on the basis evidence for increasing plasma phytochemical concentrations and reducing oxidative stress as well as inflammation in humans. Phenolics and Flavanoids are major phytochemicals and may be available with high concentration in minor cereals but as tightly attached with cell wall, their bioavailability is mostly limited. Clinical trials concluded that vitamin E and other common antioxidants were not helpful for managing diabetic complications. Vicious cycles can cause type 1 DM, where as hypoglycemia can forward to down and regulate neuroendocrine. Increased phytochemical bioavailability may be achieved through bio processing of grains but the improvements might be small and have not yet led to changes in clinical associated with reduced risk of T2D. Furthermore, the effects of minor cereals against oxidative stress in healthy individuals can be very low or not occurred but systemic inflammation can be reduced in people after huge intake. More than 300 Indian medicinal plants have antidiabetic property but exact mechanisms for hypoglycemic action of many plants are still unknown. Further studies are required to pay attention toward direct role of minor cereal phytochemicals on alarming diseases diabetes.展开更多
Hazarganji Chiltan National Park in Balochistan, Pakistan was established in 1980 and the protected area was further extended in 1998. Large area of this mountain is still open for unmanaged human disturbances such as...Hazarganji Chiltan National Park in Balochistan, Pakistan was established in 1980 and the protected area was further extended in 1998. Large area of this mountain is still open for unmanaged human disturbances such as collection of wood for fuel purpose and livestock grazing. Removal of vegetation of rangelands has a significant negative impact on soil organic matter(SOM). This research evaluates litter decomposition in three sites of Hazarganji Chiltan mountain with varying history of human disturbances(unprotected site, young protected site and old protected site). Twigs of Pistacia khinjuk with approximately equal weight and length were placed in litter bags of mesh size 2 mm and were buried in 0-5 cm depth in three sites in January. Half of the twigs of each site received rain simulation in April, August, October, November and January while the other half of the twigs were subjected under natural conditions for 15 months. Twigs from each plot of each treatment of each site were collected from soil after every rain simulation in the previous month of experiment and were processed for weight loss assessment. Results showed that weight loss of twigs by decomposition was significantly higher in the soil of unprotected site as compared to other two sites and there was no difference between rain simulation and control treatments except that loss of weight of twigs of unprotected site was higher under control than rain simulation condition. To confirm that SOM was the major controlling factor for the decomposition of litter decay, soils of each site were collected and burned to remove SOM;thereafter, burned soil samples were mixed with homogenous powder of oven-dried native plants, incubated for 6 months and were provided with dissolved organic matter of the soils of each site. Results showed that there was no difference in the decomposition of litter between soils under controlled laboratory condition, which confirmed that SOM was a major controlling factor for the litter decay in soil under field conditions. The pyrosequencing analysis of the DNA of soils collected from three sites revealed the presence of bacterial species Thermovum composti.展开更多
The suitability of 1-nitroso-2-naphthol(NN) as a complexing agent for on-line preconcentration of cobalt eluted on the C_(18) microcolumn by means of the FI-FAAS system was tested. Various parameters affecting the com...The suitability of 1-nitroso-2-naphthol(NN) as a complexing agent for on-line preconcentration of cobalt eluted on the C_(18) microcolumn by means of the FI-FAAS system was tested. Various parameters affecting the complex formation and its elution were optimized. A 2.3×10^(-3) mol/L reagent solution and the aqueous sample solution acidified with 0.1% (volume fraction) nitric acid were on-line mixed (6.4 mL/min) on a reaction coil set at (65±1)℃ and flowed through the microcolumn for 30 s. The pH of the mixed solution was adjusted to 3—4 with HNO_3(1 mol/L) or NaOH(1 mol/L). The adsorbed complexes in the microcolumn were eluted into the nebulizer of FAAS in 10 s with ethanol acidified with 1% HNO_3(3.0 mL/min). A good precision(1.6% for 100μg/L Co(Ⅱ), n=10), a high enrichment factor 17.2, with detection limit (3σ) 3.2μg/L, and sample throughput (90 h^(-1)) were obtained. The method was applied to the certified reference materials(CRMs), NBS-362 and NBS-364, for the determination of cobalt and the results were in good agreement with the certified values.展开更多
With the implementation of tobacco control policies and increasing publicity year by year,smokers have acquired more information and knowledge through various channels about the harmful effects of smoking.As a result,...With the implementation of tobacco control policies and increasing publicity year by year,smokers have acquired more information and knowledge through various channels about the harmful effects of smoking.As a result,more smokers have developed a desire to quit smoking and have begun to try to quit.展开更多
The Schrodinger equation type nonlinear coupled Maccari system is a significant equation that flourished with the wide-ranging arena concerning fluid flow and the theory of deep-water waves,physics of plasma,nonlinear...The Schrodinger equation type nonlinear coupled Maccari system is a significant equation that flourished with the wide-ranging arena concerning fluid flow and the theory of deep-water waves,physics of plasma,nonlinear optics,etc.We exploit the enhanced tanh approach and the rational(G/G)-expansion process to retrieve the soliton and dissimilar soliton solutions to the Maccari system in this study.The suggested systems of nonlinear equations turn into a differential equation of single variable through executing some operations of wave variable alteration.Thereupon,with the successful implementation of the advised techniques,a lot of exact soliton solutions are regained.The obtained solutions are depicted in 2D,3D,and contour traces by assigning appropriate values of the allied unknown constants.These diverse graphical appearances assist the researchers to understand the underlying processes of intricate phenomena of the leading equations.The individual performances of the employed methods are praise-worthy which justify further application to unravel many other nonlinear evolution equations ascending in various branches of science and engineering.展开更多
基金Supported by University of Balochistan,Quetta,Pakistan(award letter:No.Reg/133/08)the Asian Institute of Technology,Thailand
文摘Objective:To evaluate the presence and antibiogram pattern of Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)in retail poultry meat products.Methods:Foodborne pathogens(Salmonella and S.aureus)were isolated from poultry meat and confirmed with the help of biochemical and immunological test.Antibiogram of the isolates were examined by following CLS1 methods.Results:A total number of 209 poultry meat samples were collected and studied in this study.Out of which,5.26%were found contaminated with Salmonella while 18.18%were found contaminated with S.aureus.All the Salmonella and S.aureus isolates were found resistant to at least one antibiotic.About 72.72%of the Salmonella isolates showed resistance to tetracycline,while S.aureus isolates were also found highly resistant to tetracycline equal to 44.73%.One of the Salmonella isolates showed multi-drug resistance to almost six antibiotics out of nine antibiotics used in the study.Multidrug resistant S.aureus isolates were also found in the study.Conclusions:The study confirmed the presence of Salmonella and S.aureus in retail poultry meat.It is a potential threat to consumer health.To reduce the risk of contamination,good hygiene practices are necessary from processing to storage.
文摘Diabetes is a metabolic disorder by a chronic hyperglycemic condition because of defects in insulin secretion and insulin action or both. Minor cereals are often drought tolerant and fertilizer efficient. In this review we focus the content and bioavailability of phytochemicals in some minor cereals on the basis evidence for increasing plasma phytochemical concentrations and reducing oxidative stress as well as inflammation in humans. Phenolics and Flavanoids are major phytochemicals and may be available with high concentration in minor cereals but as tightly attached with cell wall, their bioavailability is mostly limited. Clinical trials concluded that vitamin E and other common antioxidants were not helpful for managing diabetic complications. Vicious cycles can cause type 1 DM, where as hypoglycemia can forward to down and regulate neuroendocrine. Increased phytochemical bioavailability may be achieved through bio processing of grains but the improvements might be small and have not yet led to changes in clinical associated with reduced risk of T2D. Furthermore, the effects of minor cereals against oxidative stress in healthy individuals can be very low or not occurred but systemic inflammation can be reduced in people after huge intake. More than 300 Indian medicinal plants have antidiabetic property but exact mechanisms for hypoglycemic action of many plants are still unknown. Further studies are required to pay attention toward direct role of minor cereal phytochemicals on alarming diseases diabetes.
基金supported by University of Balochistan Research Fund(UBRF)grant#UBRF-17/026。
文摘Hazarganji Chiltan National Park in Balochistan, Pakistan was established in 1980 and the protected area was further extended in 1998. Large area of this mountain is still open for unmanaged human disturbances such as collection of wood for fuel purpose and livestock grazing. Removal of vegetation of rangelands has a significant negative impact on soil organic matter(SOM). This research evaluates litter decomposition in three sites of Hazarganji Chiltan mountain with varying history of human disturbances(unprotected site, young protected site and old protected site). Twigs of Pistacia khinjuk with approximately equal weight and length were placed in litter bags of mesh size 2 mm and were buried in 0-5 cm depth in three sites in January. Half of the twigs of each site received rain simulation in April, August, October, November and January while the other half of the twigs were subjected under natural conditions for 15 months. Twigs from each plot of each treatment of each site were collected from soil after every rain simulation in the previous month of experiment and were processed for weight loss assessment. Results showed that weight loss of twigs by decomposition was significantly higher in the soil of unprotected site as compared to other two sites and there was no difference between rain simulation and control treatments except that loss of weight of twigs of unprotected site was higher under control than rain simulation condition. To confirm that SOM was the major controlling factor for the decomposition of litter decay, soils of each site were collected and burned to remove SOM;thereafter, burned soil samples were mixed with homogenous powder of oven-dried native plants, incubated for 6 months and were provided with dissolved organic matter of the soils of each site. Results showed that there was no difference in the decomposition of litter between soils under controlled laboratory condition, which confirmed that SOM was a major controlling factor for the litter decay in soil under field conditions. The pyrosequencing analysis of the DNA of soils collected from three sites revealed the presence of bacterial species Thermovum composti.
基金Supported by Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘The suitability of 1-nitroso-2-naphthol(NN) as a complexing agent for on-line preconcentration of cobalt eluted on the C_(18) microcolumn by means of the FI-FAAS system was tested. Various parameters affecting the complex formation and its elution were optimized. A 2.3×10^(-3) mol/L reagent solution and the aqueous sample solution acidified with 0.1% (volume fraction) nitric acid were on-line mixed (6.4 mL/min) on a reaction coil set at (65±1)℃ and flowed through the microcolumn for 30 s. The pH of the mixed solution was adjusted to 3—4 with HNO_3(1 mol/L) or NaOH(1 mol/L). The adsorbed complexes in the microcolumn were eluted into the nebulizer of FAAS in 10 s with ethanol acidified with 1% HNO_3(3.0 mL/min). A good precision(1.6% for 100μg/L Co(Ⅱ), n=10), a high enrichment factor 17.2, with detection limit (3σ) 3.2μg/L, and sample throughput (90 h^(-1)) were obtained. The method was applied to the certified reference materials(CRMs), NBS-362 and NBS-364, for the determination of cobalt and the results were in good agreement with the certified values.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China[2017YFC1309400]。
文摘With the implementation of tobacco control policies and increasing publicity year by year,smokers have acquired more information and knowledge through various channels about the harmful effects of smoking.As a result,more smokers have developed a desire to quit smoking and have begun to try to quit.
文摘The Schrodinger equation type nonlinear coupled Maccari system is a significant equation that flourished with the wide-ranging arena concerning fluid flow and the theory of deep-water waves,physics of plasma,nonlinear optics,etc.We exploit the enhanced tanh approach and the rational(G/G)-expansion process to retrieve the soliton and dissimilar soliton solutions to the Maccari system in this study.The suggested systems of nonlinear equations turn into a differential equation of single variable through executing some operations of wave variable alteration.Thereupon,with the successful implementation of the advised techniques,a lot of exact soliton solutions are regained.The obtained solutions are depicted in 2D,3D,and contour traces by assigning appropriate values of the allied unknown constants.These diverse graphical appearances assist the researchers to understand the underlying processes of intricate phenomena of the leading equations.The individual performances of the employed methods are praise-worthy which justify further application to unravel many other nonlinear evolution equations ascending in various branches of science and engineering.
