Itopride for gastric volume,gastric emptying and drinking capacity in functional dyspepsia

AIM To study the effect of itopride on gastric accommodation, gastric emptying and drinking capacity in functional dyspepsia(FD). METHODS Randomized controlled trial was conducted to check the effect of itopride on gastric accommodation, gastric emptying, capacity of tolerating nutrient liquid and symptoms of FD. We recruited a total of 31 patients having FD on the basis of ROME III criteria. After randomization, itopride was received by 15 patients while 16 patients received placebo. Gastric accommodation was determined using Gastric Scintigraphy. ^(13) C labeled octanoic breadth test was performed to assess gastric emptying. Capacity of tolerating nutrient liquid drink was checked using satiety drinking capacity test. Theintervention group comprised of 150 mg itopride. Patients in both arms were followed for 4 wk. RESULTS Mean age of the recruited participant 33 years(SD = 7.6) and most of the recruited individuals, i.e., 21(67.7%) were males. We found that there was no effect of itopride on gastric accommodation as measured at different in volumes in the itopride and control group with the empty stomach(P = 0.14), at 20 min(P = 0.38), 30 min(P = 0.30), 40 min(P = 0.43), 50 min(P = 0.50), 60 min(P = 0.81), 90 min(P = 0.25) and 120 min(P = 0.67). Gastric emptying done on a sub sample(n = 11) showed no significant difference(P = 0.58) between itopride and placebo group. There was no significant improvement in the capacity to tolerate liquid in the itopride group as compared to placebo(P = 0.51). Similarly there was no significant improvement of symptoms as assessed through a composite symptom score(P = 0.74). The change in QT interval in itopride group was not significantly different from placebo(0.10). CONCLUSION Our study found no effect of itopride on gastric accommodation, gastric emptying and maximum tolerated volume in patients with FD.

Adsorptive potential of Acacia nilotica based adsorbent for chromium(Ⅵ) from an aqueous phase

The objective of this research was to enhance adsorption capacity of Acacia nilotica(keekar) sawdust for the abatement of chromium bearing wastewater and to investigate the effect of process parameters on adsorption capacity. The sawdust was activated by acid wash and functionalized subsequently with formaldehyde.Functionalization of activated sawdust raised its chromium removal efficiency of almost 10% as compared to its adsorption removal efficiency of HCl treated sawdust in a batch adsorption study. Adsorption kinetic data provided better fitting with pseudo second order model. Maximum adsorption capacity calculated through the best fitting Langmuir model was 6.34 mg·g^(-1) and 8.2 mg·g^(-1) for HCl treated and formaldehyde functionalized sawdust adsorbents, respectively. The adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ) was endothermic when studied by varying temperature from 20 °C to 50 °C for both activated and functionalized adsorbents.