Tumor microenvironment(TME)comprises of tumor cells in vicinity of many additional cell types.Among many components of TME,immune cells represent a class of distinct cells that normally would be expected to suppress t...Tumor microenvironment(TME)comprises of tumor cells in vicinity of many additional cell types.Among many components of TME,immune cells represent a class of distinct cells that normally would be expected to suppress tumor growth and kill tumor cells,but are,instead,modulated by tumor cells to create conditions that support tumor growth,angiogenesis,metastasis and resistance against therapies.These immune cells include lymphocytes,natural killer cells,macrophages,dendritic cells,myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T-cells.Given the role these immune cells play in immune suppression within TME,it is important to clearly understand the mechanisms thereof so that the future immunotherapies can be tweaked and many of these immune cells could be reprogrammed to perform their normal cytotoxic/phagocytic activity for elimination of tumors.展开更多
Human body is truly an ecosystem in itself harboring numerous microbial species that have profound effect on diseases and health outcomes[1,2].Investigations over past several years have increased our understanding of...Human body is truly an ecosystem in itself harboring numerous microbial species that have profound effect on diseases and health outcomes[1,2].Investigations over past several years have increased our understanding of the effects that microbiome has on several conditions such as obesity,inflammation etc[2,3].Incidentally,these are also risk factors for cancer and moreover evidence is now accumulating for some more direct association of human microbiome with cancer initiation as well as progression.With the documentation of this emerging evidence,it is quite apparent that microbiome is very relevant to carcinogenesis affecting multiple stages of cancer development.展开更多
Cancer is a deadly disease and resistance to therapies is a major reason that renders it particularly lethal.A majority of research thus far has focused on genetic factors that form the basis of cancer drug resistance...Cancer is a deadly disease and resistance to therapies is a major reason that renders it particularly lethal.A majority of research thus far has focused on genetic factors that form the basis of cancer drug resistance.However,it is increasingly being realized that epigenetic regulation plays a very important role in determining the resistance of individual tumors to certain therapies.Several novel drugs that target epigenetic events are under investigation,thus serving as a testimony to the enormous potential of exploiting epigenetics in tackling the problem of cancer drug resistance.Moving forward,a focus on epigenetics will be critical for a better understanding of the phenomenon of cancer drug resistance and for the design of novel therapies.展开更多
文摘Tumor microenvironment(TME)comprises of tumor cells in vicinity of many additional cell types.Among many components of TME,immune cells represent a class of distinct cells that normally would be expected to suppress tumor growth and kill tumor cells,but are,instead,modulated by tumor cells to create conditions that support tumor growth,angiogenesis,metastasis and resistance against therapies.These immune cells include lymphocytes,natural killer cells,macrophages,dendritic cells,myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T-cells.Given the role these immune cells play in immune suppression within TME,it is important to clearly understand the mechanisms thereof so that the future immunotherapies can be tweaked and many of these immune cells could be reprogrammed to perform their normal cytotoxic/phagocytic activity for elimination of tumors.
文摘Human body is truly an ecosystem in itself harboring numerous microbial species that have profound effect on diseases and health outcomes[1,2].Investigations over past several years have increased our understanding of the effects that microbiome has on several conditions such as obesity,inflammation etc[2,3].Incidentally,these are also risk factors for cancer and moreover evidence is now accumulating for some more direct association of human microbiome with cancer initiation as well as progression.With the documentation of this emerging evidence,it is quite apparent that microbiome is very relevant to carcinogenesis affecting multiple stages of cancer development.
文摘Cancer is a deadly disease and resistance to therapies is a major reason that renders it particularly lethal.A majority of research thus far has focused on genetic factors that form the basis of cancer drug resistance.However,it is increasingly being realized that epigenetic regulation plays a very important role in determining the resistance of individual tumors to certain therapies.Several novel drugs that target epigenetic events are under investigation,thus serving as a testimony to the enormous potential of exploiting epigenetics in tackling the problem of cancer drug resistance.Moving forward,a focus on epigenetics will be critical for a better understanding of the phenomenon of cancer drug resistance and for the design of novel therapies.
