PAIgG and PAIgM levels in secondary dengue virus infections lead to thrombocytopenia in patients from KP, Pakistan

Objective: To understand the impact of platelet associated immunoglobulin G(PAIg G)/platelet associated immunoglobulin M(PAIg M) on severity of dengue virus infection leading to thrombocytopenia.Methods: In this study we examined a total of 52 patients who were having secondary infection of dengue in acute phase by using competitive ELISA.Results: A decrease in the platelet count was observed at the acute phase of infection while all along the recovery stage the count of platelet was significantly increased. A significant decrease was observed in PAIg G and PAIg M in these subjects. Inverse correlation was found between platelets count and PAIg G/PAIg M among the subjects studied. In the platelets elution from ten subjects, anti-dengue virus immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M were observed. PAIg G and PAIg M with inclined levels were higher in dengue hemorrhagic fever than the classical dengue fever. In the development of dengue hemorrhagic fever PAIg M inclined level was independently associated with high specificity, showing a possible indication of dengue hemorrhagic fever.Conclusions: This study suggests that in secondary dengue virus infection, the PAIg G and PAIg M levels, and the activity of anti-dengue virus play key roles, both in the development and severity of the disease.

Pharmaceutical evaluation and comparison of different brands of metronidazole available in the local market of Peshawar(Pakistan)

Objective:To assess the pharmaceutical quality of different brands of metronidazole manufactured,available and prescribed by the doctors of Peshawar,Pakistan.Methods:Different film-coated metronidazole products manufactured by multinational and national pharmaceutical industries and prescribed by the doctors were collected from Peshawar,Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,Pakistan.Their hysico-chemical properties were assessed,which included friability,hardness,disintegration,dissolution and weight variation tests according to the the United States Pharmacopoeia(USP)standards.Results:All the brands showed a average weight of 5.74 g for 13 tablets(products A-M).Product J had the highest weight and products D and E failed the hardness,friability and disintegration time according to USP standards.Products M,K and G,L failed disintegration test and dissolution test,respectively.Weight variation of all the products proved statistically that they were in accordance with the standards of USP.Conclusions:The study suggested that products A,F,H and J passed all the tests according to the USP standards while the rest of them did not fulfill the standards specification.