The history of assigning ranks to fungi,as well as the relative importance of using divergence time estimates is reviewed.The paper pays tribute to the major mycological players,and especially to David Hawksworth on h...The history of assigning ranks to fungi,as well as the relative importance of using divergence time estimates is reviewed.The paper pays tribute to the major mycological players,and especially to David Hawksworth on his 70th birthday and his contribution to fungal ranking in Systema Ascomycetum from 1982 to 1998.Following the conclusion of the latter series,the ranking continued with the Outlines of Ascomycota in 2007 and 2010 and more recently with specific classes in‘Towards an outline of Sordariomycetes’and‘Families of Dothideomycetes’.Earlier classifications based on phenotype were certainly more subjective;however,remarkably many of these old arrangements have stood the test of time.More recently,phylogenetic analyses have provided evidence towards a natural classification,resulting in significant changes in many lineages.The classification arrangements however,are still subjective and dependent on the taxa analysed,resulting in different taxonomic interpretations and schemes,particularly when it comes to ranking.Thus,what have been considered as genera by some,have been introduced as families by others.More recently,estimation of divergence times using molecular clock methods have been used as objective evidence for higher ranking of taxa.A divergence period(i.e.200–300 MYA)can be used as a criterion to infer when a group of related taxa evolved and what rank they should be given.We compiled data on divergence times for various higher ranking taxa in the Kingdom Fungi.The kingdom evolved 1000–1600 MYA(Stenian–Calymmian),while the presently accepted phyla evolved between 358 and 541 MYA(Devonian–Cambrian).Divergence times for subphyla are generally between 358 and 485 MYA(Devonian–Ordovician),those of classes 145–358 MYA(Jurassic–Carboniferous),subclasses 66–358 MYA(Cretaceous–Carboniferous),orders 23–252 MYA(Paleogene–Triassic),families 2.8–145 MYA(Neogene–Cretaceous),and genera 2.8–66 MYA(Neogene–Paleogene).Thus,there are wide discrepancies in the times different taxa diverged.We provide an overview over Ascomycota,showing how application of temporal banding could affect the recognition of higher taxa at certain rank levels.We then use Sordariomycetes as an example where we use divergence times to provide additional evidence to stabilize ranking of taxa below class level.We propose a series of evolutionary periods that could be used as a guide to determine the various higher ranks of fungi:phyla[550 MYA,subphyla 400–550 MYA;classes 300–400 MYA;subclasses 250–300 MYA,orders 150–250 MYA,and families 50–150 MYA.It is proposed that classification schemes and ranking of taxa should,where possible,incorporate a polyphasic approach including phylogeny,phenotype,and estimate of divergence times.展开更多
This is the twelfth contribution to the Fungal Diversity Notes series on fungal taxonomy,based on materials collected from many countries which were examined and described using the methods of morphology,anatomy,and s...This is the twelfth contribution to the Fungal Diversity Notes series on fungal taxonomy,based on materials collected from many countries which were examined and described using the methods of morphology,anatomy,and strain culture,combined with DNA sequence analyses.110 taxa are described and illustrated,including five new genera,92 new species,eight new combinations and other taxonomic contributions(one new sequenced species,one new host and three new records)which are accommodated in 40 families and 1 incertae sedis in Dothideomycetes.The new genera are Amyloceraceomyces,Catenuliconidia,Hansenopezia,Ionopezia and Magnopulchromyces.The new species are Amyloceraceomyces angustisporus,Amylocorticium ellipsosporum,Arthrinium sorghi,Catenuliconidia uniseptata,Clavulina sphaeropedunculata,Colletotrichum parthenocissicola,Coniothyrium triseptatum,Cortinarius indorusseus,C.paurigarhwalensis,C.sinensis,C.subsanguineus,C.xiaojinensis,Diaporthe pimpinel-lae,Dictyosporella guizhouensis,Diplodia torilicola,Fuscoporia marquesiana,F.semiarida,Hansenopezia decora,Helicoarcta-tus thailandicus,Hirsutella hongheensis,Humidicutis brunneovinacea,Lentaria gossypina,L.variabilis,Lycoperdon lahorense,L.pseudocurtisii,Magnopulchromyces scorpiophorus,Moelleriella gracilispora,Neodevriesia manglicola,Neodidymelliopsis salvia,N.urticae,Neoroussoella magnoliae,Neottiella gigaspora,Ophiosphaerella chiangraiensis,Phaeotremella yunnanensis,Podosphaera yulii,Rigidoporus juniperinus,Rhodofomitopsis pseudofeei,Russula benghalensis,Scleroramularia vermispora,Scytinopogon minisporus,Sporormurispora paulsenii,Thaxteriellopsis obliqus,Tomentella asiae-orientalis,T.atrobadia,T.atrocastanea,T.aureomarginata,T.brevis,T.brunneoflava,T.brunneogrisea,T.capitatocystidiata,T.changbaiensis,T.citri-nocystidiata,T.coffeae,T.conclusa,T.cystidiata,T.dimidiata,T.duplexa,T.efibulata,T.efibulis,T.farinosa,T.flavidobadia,T.fuscocrustosa,T.fuscofarinosa,T.fuscogranulosa,T.fuscopelliculosa,T.globospora,T.gloeocystidiata,T.griseocastanea,T.griseofusca,T.griseomarginata,T.inconspicua,T.incrustata,T.interrupta,T.liaoningensis,T.longiaculeifera,T.longiechinuli,T.megaspora,T.olivacea,T.olivaceobrunnea,T.pallidobrunnea,T.pallidomarginata,T.parvispora,T.pertenuis,T.qingyuanensis,T.segregata,T.separata,T.stipitata,T.storea,Trichoderma ceratophylletum,Tyromyces minutulus,Umbelopsis heterosporus and Xylolentia reniformis.The new combinations are Antrodiella descendena,Chloridium macrocladum,Hansenopezia retrocurvata,Rhodofomitopsis monomitica,Rh.oleracea,Fuscoporia licnoides,F.scruposa and Ionopezia gerardii.A new sequenced species(Graphis supracola),one new host(Aplosporella prunicola)and three new geographical records(Golovinomyces monardae,Paradictyoarthrinium diffractum and Prosthemium betulinum),are reported.展开更多
This is a continuity of a series of taxonomic and phylogenetic papers on the fungi where materials were collected from many countries,examined and described.In addition to extensive morphological descriptions and appr...This is a continuity of a series of taxonomic and phylogenetic papers on the fungi where materials were collected from many countries,examined and described.In addition to extensive morphological descriptions and appropriate asexual and sexual connections,DNA sequence data are also analysed from concatenated datasets to infer phylogenetic relationships and substantiate systematic positions of taxa within appropriate ranks.Wherever new species or combinations are proposed,we apply an integrative approach using morphological and molecular data as well as ecological features wherever applicable.Notes on 112 fungal taxa are compiled in this paper including Biatriosporaceae and Roussoellaceae,Didysimulans gen.nov.,81 new species,18 new host records and new country records,five reference specimens,two new combinations,and three sexual and asexual morph reports.The new species are Amanita cornelii,A.emodotrygon,Angustimassarina alni,A.arezzoensis,A.italica,A.lonicerae,A.premilcurensis,Ascochyta italica,A.rosae,Austroboletus appendiculatus,Barriopsis thailandica,Berkleasmium ariense,Calophoma petasitis,Camarosporium laburnicola,C.moricola,C.grisea,C.ossea,C.paraincrustata,Colletotrichum sambucicola,Coprinopsis cerkezii,Cytospora gelida,Dacrymyces chiangraiensis,Didysimulans italica,D.mezzanensis,Entodesmium italica,Entoloma magnum,Evlachovaea indica,Exophiala italica,Favolus gracilisporus,Femsjonia monospora,Fomitopsis flabellata,F.roseoalba,Gongronella brasiliensis,Helvella crispoides,Hermatomyces chiangmaiensis,H.chromolaenae,Hysterium centramurum,Inflatispora caryotae,Inocybe brunneosquamulosa,I.luteobrunnea,I.rubrobrunnea,Keissleriella cirsii,Lepiota cylindrocystidia,L.flavocarpa,L.maerimensis,Lophiotrema guttulata,Marasmius luculentus,Morenoina calamicola,Moelleriella thanathonensis,Mucor stercorarius,Myrmecridium fluviae,Myrothecium septentrionale,Neosetophoma garethjonesii,Nigrograna cangshanensis,Nodulosphaeria guttulatum,N.multiseptata,N.sambuci,Panus subfasciatus,Paraleptosphaeria padi,Paraphaeosphaeria viciae,Parathyridaria robiniae,Penicillium punicae,Phaeosphaeria calamicola,Phaeosphaeriopsis yuccae,Pleurophoma italica,Polyporus brevibasidiosus,P.koreanus,P.orientivarius,P.parvovarius,P.subdictyopus,P.ulleungus,Pseudoasteromassaria spadicea,Rosellinia mearnsii,Rubroboletus demonensis,Russula yanheensis,Sigarispora muriformis,Sillia italica,Stagonosporopsis ailanthicola,Strobilomyces longistipitatus,Subplenodomus galicola and Wolfiporia pseudococos.The new combinations are Melanomma populina and Rubroboletus eastwoodiae.The reference specimens are Cookeina tricholoma,Gnomoniopsis sanguisorbae,Helvella costifera,Polythrincium trifolii and Russula virescens.The new host records and country records are Ascochyta medicaginicola,Boletellus emodensis,Cyptotrama asprata,Cytospora ceratosperma,Favolaschia auriscalpium,F.manipularis,Hysterobrevium mori,Lentinus sajor-caju,L.squarrosulus,L.velutinus,Leucocoprinus cretaceus,Lophiotrema vagabundum,Nothophoma quercina,Platystomum rosae,Pseudodidymosphaeria phlei,Tremella fuciformis,Truncatella spartii and Vaginatispora appendiculata and three sexual and asexual morphs are Aposphaeria corallinolutea, Dothiorabuxi and Hypocrella calendulina.展开更多
基金The authors extend their appreciation to the International Scientific Partnership Program ISPP at King Saud University for funding this research work through ISPP#0089.J.C.Xu extend his appreciation to the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Project No.QYZDYSSW-SMC014for funding this work.K.D.Hyde extends his appreciation to the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Project No.2013T2S0030+3 种基金for the award of Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists at Kunming Institute of Botany and the Thailand Research Fund(TRF)Grant No.RSA5980068 entitled Biodiversity,phylogeny and role of fungal endophytes on above parts of Rhizophora apiculata and Nypa fruticans and National Research Council of Thailand(NRCT)for a grant entitled Diseases of mangrove trees and maintenance of good forestry practice(Grant No.:60201000201)The authors would also like to thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China to RLZ(Project IDs 31470152 and 31360014)NRCT Grant,Biodiversity,phylogeny and role of fungal endophytes of Pandanaceae(Grant No.:592010200112)K.D.Hyde.Patricia Wiltshire is thanked for providing details on the life and work of Dr Hawksworth.
文摘The history of assigning ranks to fungi,as well as the relative importance of using divergence time estimates is reviewed.The paper pays tribute to the major mycological players,and especially to David Hawksworth on his 70th birthday and his contribution to fungal ranking in Systema Ascomycetum from 1982 to 1998.Following the conclusion of the latter series,the ranking continued with the Outlines of Ascomycota in 2007 and 2010 and more recently with specific classes in‘Towards an outline of Sordariomycetes’and‘Families of Dothideomycetes’.Earlier classifications based on phenotype were certainly more subjective;however,remarkably many of these old arrangements have stood the test of time.More recently,phylogenetic analyses have provided evidence towards a natural classification,resulting in significant changes in many lineages.The classification arrangements however,are still subjective and dependent on the taxa analysed,resulting in different taxonomic interpretations and schemes,particularly when it comes to ranking.Thus,what have been considered as genera by some,have been introduced as families by others.More recently,estimation of divergence times using molecular clock methods have been used as objective evidence for higher ranking of taxa.A divergence period(i.e.200–300 MYA)can be used as a criterion to infer when a group of related taxa evolved and what rank they should be given.We compiled data on divergence times for various higher ranking taxa in the Kingdom Fungi.The kingdom evolved 1000–1600 MYA(Stenian–Calymmian),while the presently accepted phyla evolved between 358 and 541 MYA(Devonian–Cambrian).Divergence times for subphyla are generally between 358 and 485 MYA(Devonian–Ordovician),those of classes 145–358 MYA(Jurassic–Carboniferous),subclasses 66–358 MYA(Cretaceous–Carboniferous),orders 23–252 MYA(Paleogene–Triassic),families 2.8–145 MYA(Neogene–Cretaceous),and genera 2.8–66 MYA(Neogene–Paleogene).Thus,there are wide discrepancies in the times different taxa diverged.We provide an overview over Ascomycota,showing how application of temporal banding could affect the recognition of higher taxa at certain rank levels.We then use Sordariomycetes as an example where we use divergence times to provide additional evidence to stabilize ranking of taxa below class level.We propose a series of evolutionary periods that could be used as a guide to determine the various higher ranks of fungi:phyla[550 MYA,subphyla 400–550 MYA;classes 300–400 MYA;subclasses 250–300 MYA,orders 150–250 MYA,and families 50–150 MYA.It is proposed that classification schemes and ranking of taxa should,where possible,incorporate a polyphasic approach including phylogeny,phenotype,and estimate of divergence times.
基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China for the financial support(Project Nos.31770028,31970017 and 31470148)the Special Funds for the Young Scholars of Taxonomy of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Project No.ZSBR-015)+33 种基金the Qingyuan Forest CERN(Chinese Academy of Sciences)for supporting sampling in various ways.Yu-Cheng Dai would like to thank the National Natural Science Founda-tion of China(Project Nos.U1802231)the Second Tibetan Pla-teau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)Program(Grant No.2019QZKK0503)the Thailand Research Fund for the grant“Macrofungi diversity research from the Lancang-Mekong Watershed and surrounding areas contract”(No.DBG6280009)for supporting this work.the Croatian Science Foundation under the project ForFun-giDNA(IP-2018-01-1736)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project Nos.31750001 and 31670016)Beijing Forestry University Outstanding Young Talent Cultivation Project(No.2019JQ03016)for financial support.Monika C.Dayarathne would like to acknowledge the projects,viz.National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project Nos.31560489 and 31972222)Science and technology basic work of MOST[2014FY120100]National Key Technology Research and Develop-ment Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2014BAD23B03/03)Talent project of Guizhou science and technol-ogy cooperation platform([2017]5788-5,[2019]5641)Guizhou science,technology department international cooperation base project([2018]5806)Guangyu Sun would like to thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project Nos.31772113,31972220 and 31170015)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-27)for the financial support.the National Natu-ral Science Foundation of China(Project Nos.31670022,31470153 and 31970019)“111”Project(No.D17014)for financial sup-port.the Uttarakhand State Council for Science and Technology(UCoST)for financial support(Project No.UCSandT/RandD/LS-1/12-13/4912)on“Collection,identification,documentation of wild edible and medicinal mushrooms of Garhwal Himalaya of Uttarakhand”the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No:31701978).the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.31270072)the Special Funds for the Young Scholars of Taxonomy of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(ZSBR-001)National Key Basic Research Special Foundation of China(2013FY110400).the International Scientific Partnership Program ISPP at King Saud University for funding this research work through ISPP#0089.Yusufjon Gafforov thanks the financial research support by the Ministry of Innovative Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan(Project No.P3-2014-0830174425 and PЗ-20170921183)CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)for Visiting Scientist(Grant No.2018VBB0021)German Academic Exchange Service(DAAD)for a Visiting Fellowship(Grant No.57314018).the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.31970012)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Project No.2017240).the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project Nos.U1803232 and 31670026)National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFE0122000)for financial support.the project‘Diversity of Mucoromycotina in different ecosystems of the Pernambuco’s Atlantic Rainforest’(FACEPE-APQ 0842-2.12/14).Rungtiwa Phookamsak thanks CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)for Young Staff 2019-2021(Grant No.2019FY0003)the Research Fund from China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.Y71B283261)the Yunnan Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security(Grant No.Y836181261)the National Science Foundation of China(Project No.31850410489)for financial research support.the ELTE Institutional Excellence Program financed by the National Research,Development and Innovation Office(NKFIH-1157-8/2019-DT).
文摘This is the twelfth contribution to the Fungal Diversity Notes series on fungal taxonomy,based on materials collected from many countries which were examined and described using the methods of morphology,anatomy,and strain culture,combined with DNA sequence analyses.110 taxa are described and illustrated,including five new genera,92 new species,eight new combinations and other taxonomic contributions(one new sequenced species,one new host and three new records)which are accommodated in 40 families and 1 incertae sedis in Dothideomycetes.The new genera are Amyloceraceomyces,Catenuliconidia,Hansenopezia,Ionopezia and Magnopulchromyces.The new species are Amyloceraceomyces angustisporus,Amylocorticium ellipsosporum,Arthrinium sorghi,Catenuliconidia uniseptata,Clavulina sphaeropedunculata,Colletotrichum parthenocissicola,Coniothyrium triseptatum,Cortinarius indorusseus,C.paurigarhwalensis,C.sinensis,C.subsanguineus,C.xiaojinensis,Diaporthe pimpinel-lae,Dictyosporella guizhouensis,Diplodia torilicola,Fuscoporia marquesiana,F.semiarida,Hansenopezia decora,Helicoarcta-tus thailandicus,Hirsutella hongheensis,Humidicutis brunneovinacea,Lentaria gossypina,L.variabilis,Lycoperdon lahorense,L.pseudocurtisii,Magnopulchromyces scorpiophorus,Moelleriella gracilispora,Neodevriesia manglicola,Neodidymelliopsis salvia,N.urticae,Neoroussoella magnoliae,Neottiella gigaspora,Ophiosphaerella chiangraiensis,Phaeotremella yunnanensis,Podosphaera yulii,Rigidoporus juniperinus,Rhodofomitopsis pseudofeei,Russula benghalensis,Scleroramularia vermispora,Scytinopogon minisporus,Sporormurispora paulsenii,Thaxteriellopsis obliqus,Tomentella asiae-orientalis,T.atrobadia,T.atrocastanea,T.aureomarginata,T.brevis,T.brunneoflava,T.brunneogrisea,T.capitatocystidiata,T.changbaiensis,T.citri-nocystidiata,T.coffeae,T.conclusa,T.cystidiata,T.dimidiata,T.duplexa,T.efibulata,T.efibulis,T.farinosa,T.flavidobadia,T.fuscocrustosa,T.fuscofarinosa,T.fuscogranulosa,T.fuscopelliculosa,T.globospora,T.gloeocystidiata,T.griseocastanea,T.griseofusca,T.griseomarginata,T.inconspicua,T.incrustata,T.interrupta,T.liaoningensis,T.longiaculeifera,T.longiechinuli,T.megaspora,T.olivacea,T.olivaceobrunnea,T.pallidobrunnea,T.pallidomarginata,T.parvispora,T.pertenuis,T.qingyuanensis,T.segregata,T.separata,T.stipitata,T.storea,Trichoderma ceratophylletum,Tyromyces minutulus,Umbelopsis heterosporus and Xylolentia reniformis.The new combinations are Antrodiella descendena,Chloridium macrocladum,Hansenopezia retrocurvata,Rhodofomitopsis monomitica,Rh.oleracea,Fuscoporia licnoides,F.scruposa and Ionopezia gerardii.A new sequenced species(Graphis supracola),one new host(Aplosporella prunicola)and three new geographical records(Golovinomyces monardae,Paradictyoarthrinium diffractum and Prosthemium betulinum),are reported.
基金Saowaluck Tibpromma would like to thank the Molecular Biology Experimental Center at Kunming Institute of Botany for facilities for molecular work,the Mushroom Research Foundation(MRF)Chiang Rai,Thailand for the financial support of her study and Shaun Pennycook is thanked for nomenclatural advice.K.D.Hyde would like to thank the Thailand Research Fund Grant No.RSA5980068 entitled“Biodiversity,phylogeny and role of fungal endophytes on above parts of Rhizophora apiculata and Nypa fruticans”+21 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Project Number 2013T2S0030for the award of Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists at Kunming Institute of Botany and National Research Council of Thailand(Mae Fah Luang University)for a grants“Biodiversity,phylogeny and role of fungal endophytes of Pandanaceae”(Grant No.:592010200112)“Diseases of mangrove trees and maintenance of good forestry practice”(Grant No.:60201000201)for supporting this study.S.C.Karunarathna,P.E.Mortimer and J.C.Xu would like to thank the World Agroforestry Centre,East and Central Asia OfficeKey Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia,Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciencethe ChineseMinistry of Science and Technology,under the 12th 5-year National Key Technology Support Program(NKTSP)2013 BAB07B06 integration and comprehensive demonstration of key technologies on Green Phosphate-mountaion Construction and the CGIAR Research Program 6:Forest,Trees and Agroforestry for partial funding.The authors would like to extend their sincere appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for funding this research group NO(RG-1436-025)Financial support by the German Academic Exchange Service(DAAD)and the Thai Royal Golden Ph.D.Jubilee-Industry program(RGJ)for a joint TRFDAAD PPP(2012-2014)academic exchange grant to K.D.Hyde and M.Stadler,and the RGJ for a personal grant to B.Thongbai(No.Ph.D/0138/2553 in 4.S.MF/53/A.3)is gratefully acknowledged.Chayanard Phukhamsakda(PHD/0020/2557)acknowledges the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D.Program under the Thailand Research Fund.Mingkwan Doilom acknowledges the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D.Program(PHD./0072/2553 in 4.S.M.F./53/A.2)under the Thailand Research Fund.Ausana Mapook is grateful to Research and Researchers for Industries(RRI)PHD57I0012.Rungtiwa Phookamsak expresses sincere appreciation to The CAS President’s International Fellowship for Postdoctoral Researchers(Project No.2017PB0072)Qi Zhao thanks the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31360015)the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams,and the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KSCX2-EW-Z-9 and KIB2016002).Andre´Luiz Cabral Monteiro de Azevedo Santiago,Carlos Alberto Fragoso de Souza,Diogo Xavier Lima,Rafael Jose´Vilela de Oliveira and Gladstone Alves da Silva would like to thank the Coordenac¸a˜o de Aperfeic¸oamento de Pessoal de Nı´vel Superior(Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel)(CAPES)and the Fundac¸a˜o de Amparo a`Cieˆncia e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco(Foundation for the support of Science and Technology of the state of Pernambuco)(FACEPE)for the postgraduate scholarships awarded to Diogo X.Lima and Carlos A.F.de Souza,respectively.We would also like to thank the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientı´fico e Tecnolo´gico(National Council for Scientific and Technological Development)(CNPq)and FACEPE for financial support through the projects:‘Mucoromycotina in upland forests in the semi-arid region of Pernambuco’(CNPq-458391/2014-0)‘Diversity of Mucoromycotina in different ecosystems of the Pernambuco Atlantic Rainforest’(FACEPE-APQ 0842-2.12/14).H.B.Lee was supported by the Graduate Program for the Undiscovered Taxa of Korea,and by the Project on Survey and Discovery of Indigenous Fungal Species of Korea funded by NIBR and Project on Discovery of Fungi from Freshwater and Collection of Fungarium funded by NNIBR of the Ministry of Environment(MOE)and in part by a fund from National Institute of Animal Science under Rural Development Administration,Republic of Korea.Z.L Luo and H.Y Su would like to thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project ID:31460015)for financial support on Study of the distribution pattern and driving factors of aquatic fungal diversity in the region of Three Parallel Rivers.Saranyaphat Boonmee thanks the National Research Council of Thailand,project number 2560A30702021the Thailand Research Fund,project number TRG5880152 for providing financial support.C.G.Lin and Y.Wang thank the grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.NSFC 31560489)Fundamental Research on Science and Technology,Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2014FY120100)Mr.Jingzu Sun thank for the National Natural Science Foundations of China(No.31600024)Wei Dong thanks the for National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project ID:NSF 31500017 to Huang Zhang)P.N.Singh,A.Baghela,S.K.Singh,and S.Aamir thank the Director,MACS’Agharkar Research Institute,Pune,India for providing facilities and Rajendra Singh(Department of Zoology,DDU Gorakhpur University,UP,India)for identification of insect-host.Saisamorn Lumyong and Rene K.Schumacher are thanked for valuable suggestions and collecting specimens.K.N.A.Raj acknowledges support from the University Grants Commission(UGC)India,in the form of a Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship(Grant No.F.14-2(SC)/2009(SA-III))K.N.A.Raj also acknowledges the permissions given to him for collecting agaric specimens from the forests of Kerala by the Principal Chief Conservator of Forests,Government of Kerala(WL12-4042/2009 dated 5 August 2009).K.P.D.Latha acknowledges the financial support from the Kerala State Council for Science,Technology and Environment(KSCSTE)in the form of a PhD fellowship(Grant No.001/FSHP/2011/CSTE)K.P.D.Latha also acknowledges the permission(No.WL10-4937/2012,dated 3-10-2013)given to her by the Principal Chief Conservator of Forests,Government of Kerala,to collect agaric specimens from the forests of Kerala.Zdenko Tkalcec has been partially supported by Croatian Science Foundation under the project HRZZ-IP-11-2013-2202(ACCTA)is grateful to Milan Cerkez for his great contribution to the study of coprinoid and coprophilous fungi in Croatia.Vladimir Antonı´n thank the Moravian Museum by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic as part of its long-term conceptual development programme for research institutions(DKRVO,ref.MK000094862)T.C.Wen,Y.P.Xiao,C.Norphanphoun and K.K.Hapuarachchi are grateful to the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31460012)and the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province(No.[2016]2863)Y.W.Lim would like to thanks NIBR supporting the Project on Survey and Discovery of Indigenous Fungal Species of Korea.Kanad Das and Dyutiparna Chakraborty are thankful to the Director,Botanical Survey of India(BSI)and Scientist-in-Charge,BSI,Gangtok for providing facilities during this study.Sinchan Adhikari,Joydeep Karmakar and Tapas Kumar Bandyopadhyay would like to acknowledge DST-PURSE and DST-FIST for providing central instrumentation facilities and Alan JL Phillips acknowledges the Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute(BioISI,FCT/UID/Multi/04046/2013).
文摘This is a continuity of a series of taxonomic and phylogenetic papers on the fungi where materials were collected from many countries,examined and described.In addition to extensive morphological descriptions and appropriate asexual and sexual connections,DNA sequence data are also analysed from concatenated datasets to infer phylogenetic relationships and substantiate systematic positions of taxa within appropriate ranks.Wherever new species or combinations are proposed,we apply an integrative approach using morphological and molecular data as well as ecological features wherever applicable.Notes on 112 fungal taxa are compiled in this paper including Biatriosporaceae and Roussoellaceae,Didysimulans gen.nov.,81 new species,18 new host records and new country records,five reference specimens,two new combinations,and three sexual and asexual morph reports.The new species are Amanita cornelii,A.emodotrygon,Angustimassarina alni,A.arezzoensis,A.italica,A.lonicerae,A.premilcurensis,Ascochyta italica,A.rosae,Austroboletus appendiculatus,Barriopsis thailandica,Berkleasmium ariense,Calophoma petasitis,Camarosporium laburnicola,C.moricola,C.grisea,C.ossea,C.paraincrustata,Colletotrichum sambucicola,Coprinopsis cerkezii,Cytospora gelida,Dacrymyces chiangraiensis,Didysimulans italica,D.mezzanensis,Entodesmium italica,Entoloma magnum,Evlachovaea indica,Exophiala italica,Favolus gracilisporus,Femsjonia monospora,Fomitopsis flabellata,F.roseoalba,Gongronella brasiliensis,Helvella crispoides,Hermatomyces chiangmaiensis,H.chromolaenae,Hysterium centramurum,Inflatispora caryotae,Inocybe brunneosquamulosa,I.luteobrunnea,I.rubrobrunnea,Keissleriella cirsii,Lepiota cylindrocystidia,L.flavocarpa,L.maerimensis,Lophiotrema guttulata,Marasmius luculentus,Morenoina calamicola,Moelleriella thanathonensis,Mucor stercorarius,Myrmecridium fluviae,Myrothecium septentrionale,Neosetophoma garethjonesii,Nigrograna cangshanensis,Nodulosphaeria guttulatum,N.multiseptata,N.sambuci,Panus subfasciatus,Paraleptosphaeria padi,Paraphaeosphaeria viciae,Parathyridaria robiniae,Penicillium punicae,Phaeosphaeria calamicola,Phaeosphaeriopsis yuccae,Pleurophoma italica,Polyporus brevibasidiosus,P.koreanus,P.orientivarius,P.parvovarius,P.subdictyopus,P.ulleungus,Pseudoasteromassaria spadicea,Rosellinia mearnsii,Rubroboletus demonensis,Russula yanheensis,Sigarispora muriformis,Sillia italica,Stagonosporopsis ailanthicola,Strobilomyces longistipitatus,Subplenodomus galicola and Wolfiporia pseudococos.The new combinations are Melanomma populina and Rubroboletus eastwoodiae.The reference specimens are Cookeina tricholoma,Gnomoniopsis sanguisorbae,Helvella costifera,Polythrincium trifolii and Russula virescens.The new host records and country records are Ascochyta medicaginicola,Boletellus emodensis,Cyptotrama asprata,Cytospora ceratosperma,Favolaschia auriscalpium,F.manipularis,Hysterobrevium mori,Lentinus sajor-caju,L.squarrosulus,L.velutinus,Leucocoprinus cretaceus,Lophiotrema vagabundum,Nothophoma quercina,Platystomum rosae,Pseudodidymosphaeria phlei,Tremella fuciformis,Truncatella spartii and Vaginatispora appendiculata and three sexual and asexual morphs are Aposphaeria corallinolutea, Dothiorabuxi and Hypocrella calendulina.