The Effect of Replacement of Zn 2+ Cation with Ni 2+ Cation on the Structural Properties of Ba sub>2Zn sub>1–x Ni sub>xWO sub>6 Double Perovskite Oxides (X = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1)

The Ba2Zn1-xNixWO6 double perovskite oxides were synthesized using solid state reaction method. The effect of replacement of Zn2+ with Ni2+ cation on the structural properties was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) at room temperature. From the X-ray diffraction and by means of standard Rietiveld method, the samples showed the same cubic crystal structure with (Fm-3m) space group and the crystallite size ranging from 71.91 nm to 148.71 nm. The unit cell volume was found to decrease as a result of the replacement, while there was no significant difference in the value of tolerance factor of the samples. This is may be due to the convergence of ionic radii of Ni2+ and Zn2+ cations. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was performed for the samples and the resultant characteristic absorption bands confirmed the double perovskite structure.

Characterization of the Crystal Structure of Sesame Seed Cake Burned by Nd: YAG Laser

This paper reports obtaining of useful and high-value materials from sesame seed cake (SSC). For this purpose, SSC sample was burned for 30 s using Nd: YAG laser with output power 60 W. The products of this process and non-burned SSC were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) so as to investigate its crystal structure and chemical components. XRD results of the SSC before burning process showed amorphous silica, rhombohedral phase of carbon, monoclinic phase of aluminum chloride, the hexagonal phase of moissanite-4H, (yellow, black) and hexagonal phase of graphite-2H, C (black). While the results of the burned SSC sample showed that the burning process using the power of Nd: YAG laser cased in appearing of crystalline hexagonal phase for silica and Carbon Nitride and converting the rhombohedral phase of Carbon into hexagonal phase. FTIR showed a number of absorbance peaks assigned to silica.

Influenced of Cu²⁺Doped on Structural, Morphological and Optical Properties of Zn-Mg-Fe₂O₄Ferrite Prepared by Sol-Gel Method

The Zn0.5CuxMg0.5-xFe2O4 (where x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4) was prepared by sol-gel route and characterized in detail in terms of their structural, morphological, elemental and optical properties as a function of Cu concentration. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) results confirmed the formation of cubic spinel-type structure with average crystallized size in the range of 30.56 to 40.58 nm. Lattice parameter was found to decrease with Cu concentration due to the smaller ionic radius of Cu2+ ion. The HR-SEM images show morphology of the samples as prismatic shaped particles in agglomeration. The elemental dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the elemental composition of the as-prepared spinel ferrite material with respect to the initial concentration of the synthetic composition used for the material. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the formation of spinel ferrite and showed the characteristics absorption bands around 463, 618, 876, 1116, 1442, 1622 and 2911 cm-1. The energy band gap was calculated for the samples were found to be in the range of 4.87 to 5.30 eV.

Structural and Optical Properties of Mg<SUB>1-x</SUB>Zn<SUB>x</SUB>Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>Nano-Ferrites Synthesized Using Co-Precipitation Method

In this work, the Mg1-x Znx Fe2 O4 Nanoferrites (where x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8) was synthesized using co-precipitation method. The investigation of structural and optical properties was carried out for the synthesized samples using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis). XRD revealed that the structure of these nanoparticles is spinel with space group Fd3m and crystallite size lies in the range 21.0 - 42.8 nm. Lattice parameter was found to increases with Zn concentration and this may be due to the larger ionic radius of the Zn2+?ion. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the formation of spinel ferrite and showed the characteristics absorption bands around 612, 1146, 1404, 1649 and 3245 cm-1. The energy band gap was calculated for samples with different ratio and was found to be 4.77, 4.82, 4.86, 4.87 and 4.95 eV. The substitution was resulted in slight increased in the lattice constant and that sequentially may lead to the slightly decreased in the energy gap.

Effect of the Cation Size Disorder at the A-Site on the Structural Properties of SrAFeTiO<SUB>6</SUB>Double Perovskites (A = La, Pr or Nd)

In this paper, the cation size disorder effect of the A-site on the structural properties of the SrAFe- TiO6 (A = La, Pr or Nd) was investigated. The compounds were synthesized—as the best of our knowledge—for the first time by conventional and precursor method to get crystalline materials. The results obtained from the experimental measurements carried out on new double perovskite materials were presented. The data of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra Red FTIR were measured at room temperature. From the X-ray diffraction, and by means of standard Rietiveld method, all the samples have the same structure (orthorhombic) with Pnma space group. The difference in the tolerance factor is clearly noticed and refers to the cation size disorder at the A-sites. The Fourier Transform Infra Red FTIR measurement has been done;the results of it confirm the double perovskite structure and the difference between the samples were noticed. The tolerance factors for the samples altered from SrLaFeTiO6 up to SrNdFeTiO6 and this difference return to ionic radius and cation size effect.

The Electrical and Optical Properties of Zn0.5Li2xMg0.5-xFe2O4 Lithium Doped Nanoparticle Prepared by Coprecipitation Method

In this study, nano ferrite materials were produced to replace costive industrial materials [1]. Ferrite nanoparticles are the interesting material due to their rich and unique physical and chemical properties. They find applications in catalysis, bio-processing, medicine, magnetic recording, adsorption, devices etc. Using co-participation method, five nano ferrite samples Zn0.5Mg0.5-xLi2xFe2O4 (x = 0.00, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30 and 0.40) were prepared. The electrical and optical properties of the Zn0.5Mg0.5-xLi2xFe2O4 samples were studied using the Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The results verified that the formation of the absorption coefficient of the five samples of Zn0.5Mg0.5-xLi2xFe2O4 increased with the increase of Lithium (Li2x). The energy band gap of the Zn0.5Mg0.5-xLi2xFe2O4 samples ranged from 3.28 to 3.12 eV [1]. The extinction coefficient (K) for five samples of Zn0.5Li2xMg0.5-xFe2O4 increased with the increase of Lithium (Li2x) at 338 nm from 0.074 to 0.207. The high magnitude of optical conductivity is (1.34 × 1012 sec-1) and the maximum value of electrical conductivity is 42 (Ω.cm)-1. This may due to the electrical and optical properties of lithium.

Effect of Cu²⁺Doping on Structural and Optical Properties of Synthetic Zn_0.5Cu_xMg_0.5-xFe₂O₄(x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) Nano-Ferrites

The samples of Zn0.5CuxMg0.5-xFe2O4 nanoparticle ferrites, with x= 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 were successfully synthesised. Structural and optical properties were investigated by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectros-copy (FTIR) and UV-visible spectroscopy. The structural studies showed that all the samples prepared through the Co-precipitation method was a single phase of a face-cantered-Cubic (FCC) spinel symmetry structures with space group (SG): Fd-3m. In the series Zn0.5CuxMg0.5-xFe2O4, the lattice parameter was found to be 8.382 ? for x = 0 and was found to increase with copper con-centration. The grain size obtained from the XRD data analyses was found to be in the range of 15.97 to 28.33 nm. The increased in the grain size may be due to the large ionic radius of Mg2+ (0.86 ?) compared with Cu2+ (0.73 ?). The FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the formation of spinel ferrite and showed the characteristics absorption bands around 580, 1112, 1382, 1682, 1632 and 2920 cm-1. The energy band gap was calculated for samples were found to be in the range 4.04 to 4.67 eV.