Retroperitoneal bronchogenic cyst:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Bronchogenic cysts are rare developmental anomalies that belong to the category of congenital enterogenous cysts.They arise from lung buds and are present at birth.The embryonic foregut is their origin.Typically,they are located within the chest cavity,particularly in the cavum mediastinale of the thoracic cavity or lodged in the pulmonary parenchyma,and are considered a type of lung bud malformation.CASE SUMMARY A 49-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital due to the detection of a retroperitoneal mass during a physical examination.Two weeks before admission,the patient underwent a physical examination and routine laboratory tests,which revealed a space-occupying mass in the retroperitoneal region.The patient did not report any symptoms(such as abdominal pain,flatulence,nausea,vomiting,high fever,or chills).The computed tomography(CT)revealed a retroperitoneal spaceoccupying lesion with minimal enhancement and a CT value of approximately 36 Hounsfield units.The lesion was not delineated from the boundary of the pancreatic body and was closely related to the retroperitoneum locally.CONCLUSION Following a series of tests,an abdominal mass was identified,prompting the implementation of a laparoscopic retroperitoneal mass excision procedure.During the investigation,an 8 cm×7 cm cystic round-shaped mass with a distinct demarcation was identified in the upper posterior region of the pancreas.Subsequently,full resection of the mass was performed.Postoperative pathological examination reveled a cystic mass characterized by a smooth inner wall.The cystic mass was found to contain a white,viscous liquid within its capsule.

溶胶-凝胶毛细管气相色谱柱热稳定性的考察

溶胶 凝胶毛细管气相色谱柱是一类新型的色谱柱。通过与静态法涂渍并用自由基引发交联使固定相固载化的色谱柱比较 ,溶胶 凝胶色谱柱除了具有制作工艺简单、分离效果好等特点外 ,还具有很好的热稳定性和溶剂稳定性。其工作温度可高于 4 0 0℃。

环糊精-聚硅氧烷共聚物溶胶-凝胶气相色谱毛细管柱分离特性研究

用环糊精与低聚硅氧烷的共聚物为固定相制成了溶胶-凝胶毛细管气相色谱柱。比较了支臂与环糊精的不同位置(6A6C与6A6D)相连接的共聚物为固定相的手性分离的区别,也比较了不同的臂长和不同的臂结构对手性化合物拆分产生的影响。结果表明:含有4个亚甲基和醚键结构的连接臂且与环糊精的6A6C位置相连接的共聚物是这几种结构中的最佳固定相。

接枝聚硅氧烷环糊精固定相溶胶-凝胶毛细管气相色谱柱分离内酯对映体

参照文献方法合成了4种以环糊精为侧链的含氢聚甲基硅氧烷。在4种不同的合成物中,环糊精或是以本身不同的位置与主链相连,或是连接臂的结构不同,亦或是连接臂的长短各异。分别用合成的4种化合物为固定相,首次采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了气相色谱手性毛细管柱。在这些色谱柱上,以手性化合物(±)γ-苯基-γ-丁内酯为探测物对4种色谱柱的柱效率、手性选择性、容量因子、分离度及固定相的极性等各种色谱参数进行了测定,并将测定的数值进行了比较。发现环糊精以圆台较小的一端与含氢硅油相连,连接臂中不含苯氧基而含有醚键,连接臂较短(含4个亚甲基)的固定相是所合成的4种固定相中的最佳选择。

溶胶-凝胶气相色谱柱的柱容量的研究

新型的溶胶-凝胶毛细管气相色谱柱除了具有热稳定性高及分离效果好的特点外,此色谱柱的柱容量(samplecapacity)数倍于传统的用静态法涂渍固定相并用交联反应使之固载化的色谱柱的柱容量.在两种不同的色谱柱上,逐渐增加试样的进样量,柱效率随之变化.进样量对柱效率的影响清楚地表明了溶胶-凝胶柱的柱容量远高于传统柱.

用溶胶凝胶法制备的Chirasil-Dex毛细管气相色谱柱固定相中连接臂对手性内酯分离影响的再研究

使用溶胶凝胶法,以合成的3种接枝聚硅氧烷环糊精为固定相制备了毛细管气相色谱柱.以手性化合物(±)γ-苯基-γ-丁内酯((±)γ-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone)为探测物测定了色谱柱的柱效率、选择性因子及分离度,并且与前期工作中所制备的3种类型相同但固定相结构有差异的色谱柱上的手性分离进行了比较.结果表明,当环糊精与聚硅氧烷主链连接臂含4个亚甲基与醚键的固定相时有最佳分离度,非连接臂中的醚键结构对分离不起影响.文中对连接臂影响分离的可能的机理进行了探讨.实验中也对其它部分手性化合物也进行了分离测定.

Post deformation analysis of the ballistic impacted magnesium alloys,a short-review

From the mechanistic point of view,magnesium alloys are lightweight materials and are receiving increasing attention in the past several years in various fields.Prof.Liang Zhen from Harbin Institute of Technology,China and the United State military are showing keen interest in the development of magnesium alloys as ballistic resistant material.However,their use is still limited owing to low ductility,low formability,and average mechanical properties.The magnesium alloys components must withstand the shockwave under hypervelocity ballistic impact.The ballistic testing can produce gradient variations of the strain and stress-energy away from the crater,and useful for the development of these alloys in the military and aerospace industry.Therefore,the present review article shed light on the post deformation analysis of the Mg alloys subjected to the different projectiles under ballistic impact,and the underlying mechanisms were discussed.In the end,some important issues regarding the ballistic impact and further studies in this field were proposed.

Influence of quasispecies on virological responses and disease severity in patients with chronic hepatitis C

AIM:To elucidate the influence of quasispecies on virological response and disease severity in patients with chronic hepatitis C. METHODS:Forty seven patients with hepatitis C [32 with chronic active hepatitis (CAH), 9 with cirrhosis, and 6 with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)] were screened for the presence of quasispecies by single stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis in the hypervariable region (HVR) and non-structural 5B (NS5B) viral genes of hepatitis C virus. The 41 patients excluding those with HCC were on therapy and followed up for a year with the determination of virological response and disease severity. Virus isolated from twenty three randomly selected patients (11 non-responders and 12 showing a sustained virological response) was sequenced for the assessment of mutations. RESULTS:The occurrence of quasispecies was proportionately higher in patients with HCC and cirrhosis than in those with CAH, revealing a significant correlation between the molecular evolution of quasispecies and the severity of disease in patients with hepatitis C. The occurrence of complex quasispecies has a significant association (P < 0.05) with the non-responders, and leads to persistence of infection. Significant differences (P < 0.05) in viral load (log10 IU/mL) were observed among patients infected with complex quasispecies (CQS), those infected with simple quasispecies (SQS) and those with no quasispecies (NQS), after 12 wk (CQS-5.2 ± 2.3, SQS-3.2 ± 1.9, NQS-2.8 ± 2.4) and 24 wk (CQS-3.9 ± 2.2, SQS-3.0 ± 2.2, NQS-2.1 ± 2.3) in the HVR region. However, a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed between the viral loads of patients infected with CQS and those infected with NQS in NS5B viral gene after 24 wk (CQS-3.9 ± 2.2, SQS-3.0 ± 2.2, and NQS-2.1 ± 2.3) and 48 wk (CQS-3.1 ± 2.7, SQS-2.3 ± 2.4, NQS-2.0 ± 2.3) of therapy. Disease severity was significantly associated with viral load during therapy. The strains isolated from non-responders showed close pairing on phylogeny based on the NS5B gene, but dissimilar HVR regions. This revealed the possibility of the selection of resistant strains during the evolution of quasispecies in NS5B. CONCLUSION:Viral quasispecies may be an important predictor of virological responses to combination therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Complex quasispecies and resistant strains may lead to high viral loads during therapy, with a concerted effect on disease severity.

Effect of different concentration of fish oil in skim milk-egg yolk extenders on post-thawed semen qualities of Kalang swamp buffalo bull

Objective:To explore the effect of fish oil at different concentrations on post-thawed semen of Kalang swamp buffalo.Methods: A total of 4 Kalang swamp buffalo bulls with 3-5 years of age and weighed about 340-360 kg were slected. Semen was regularly collected from these buffalo bulls once a week by an artificial vagina. Fish oil was supplementary at the dosages of 0 mg (control), 50 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg, and 200 mg to the extender (skim milk-egg yolk). Fresh, pre-freezing and frozen semen were thawed at 37℃ and evaluated for motility, viability, morphology, and plasma integrity of membrane.Results: The study results indicated that before freezing, supplementation of fish oil at the dose of 150 mg in the extender had significantly motility. And a significant (P<0.05) increase was observed in viability and motility of post-thawed semen at the dose of 150 mg fish oil, which was in difference with other treatment groups.Conclusions: Addition of 150 mg fish oil in the extender could be positive for the enhancement of the quality of post-thawed semen of Kalang swamp buffaloes.

Antiacanthamoebic properties of natural and marketed honey in Pakistan

Objective: To determine antiacanthamoebic activity of natural and marketed honey samples.Methods: Natural honey samples were collected directly from the bee hive and marketed honey samples were purchased from the local market in Karachi, Pakistan. Both honey samples were tested for their flavonoid content(quercetin equivalent per gram of the extract) and phenolic content(gallic acid equivalent per gram). Furthermore, their antioxidant activity was determined by measuring 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. Using amoebistatic and amoebicidal assays, the effects of honey samples were tested against growth and viability of Acanthamoeba parasites.Results: Natural honey exhibited potent amoebistatic and amoebicidal effects, in a concentration-dependent manner. Honey-treated Acanthamoeba castellanii showed loss of acanthopodia, following which amoebae detached, rounded up, reduced in size,decreased in cytoplasmic mass and they were observed floating in the culture medium.Importantly, honey-treated amoebae did not revive when inoculated in fresh growth medium, however, glycerol-treated amoebae exhibited viable trophozoite and active growth. In contrast, marketed honey samples varied in their efficacy against Acanthamoeba castellanii. The proportion of flavonoid, as determined by quercetin measurements and the proportion of phenolic, as determined by gallic acid measurements was higher in natural honey compared with marketed honey. Similarly, the antioxidant activity, as determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity was higher in natural honey vs. marketed honey.Conclusions: This study shows that natural honey has antiacanthamoebic properties and possesses higher flavonoid, phenolic and antioxidant properties compared with the marketed honey. These findings are of concern to the public, health officials, and to the manufacturers regarding production of honey for medical applications.

Calcium supplementation in colorectal cancer prevention:A systematic meta-analysis of adverse events

Despite the multiple systematic reviews and meta-analyses accumulating evidence on the preventive effect of calcium supplementation for colorectal cancer,most of the associated adverse effects are not systematically analyzed.The aim of the study is evaluating adverse events associated with calcium supplementation for colorectal cancer prevention through a systematic meta-analysis.We searched Medline,PubMed Central,EMBASE(Excerpta Medica database),Scopus,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,and Web of Science published in English from database inception up to 31 July 2019.In the current systematic meta-analysis,we included human studies(including cohort studies,clinical trials,case-control studies)on supplementation of calcium in patients with or at risk of colorectal cancer.Assessment of the quality of included studies was performed by Jadad score.Information on the patient population,number of enrolled subjects in each group,dose of calcium supplementation,duration of calcium supplementation,and reported adverse events were gathered.The data were pooled for incidence rates for any adverse event during the study period regardless of causality association.We identified 6 studies,comprising 4583 participants that met the inclusion criteria.Meta-analysis on pooled incidence rates for adverse event during study period showed no statistically significant increased risk for cancer(OR=0.92,95%CI:0.70–1.21,P=0.577;I^(2)=0.0%,P=0.731),coronary revascularization(OR=1.12,95%CI:0.79–1.59,P=0.492;I^(2)=0.0%,P=0.957),myocardial infarction(OR=0.81,95%CI:0.34–1.91,P=0.634;I^(2)=67.9%,P=0.047),stroke(OR=0.75,95%CI:0.42–1.33,P=0.332,I^(2)=0.00%,P=0.717),Transient Ischemic Attack(TIA)(OR=1.37,95%CI:0.28–6.51,P=0.692,I^(2)=81.9%,P=0.002),urolithiasis(OR=1.23,95%CI:0.75–2.01,P=0.410;I^(2)=0.0%,P=0.851),fracture(OR=0.98,95%CI:0.70–1.37,P=0.938;I^(2)=37.8%,P=0.152)and death(OR=1.05,95%CI:0.71–1.56,P=0.786,I^(2)=12.2%,P=0.317)in patients receiving calcium supplementation for colorectal cancer prevention compared to control.Based on the results of Egger test,publication bias was not observed among the studies(P=0.262).The current result of the meta-analysis on human studies reporting adverse events associated with calcium supplementation for the prevention of colorectal cancer demonstrated no statistically significant increased risk for the development of adverse events compared to control groups.

Proteome-wide screening for the analysis of protein targeting of Chlamydia pneumoniae in endoplasmic reticulum of host cells and their possible implication in lung cancer development

Available reports have confirmed a link between bacterial infection and the progression of different types of cancers,including colon,lungs,and prostate cancer.Here we report the Chlamydia pneumonia proteins targeting in endoplasmic reticulum(ER)using in-silico approaches and their possible role in lung cancer etiology.We predicted 48 proteins that target human ER,which may be associated with protein folding and protein-protein interactions during infection.The results showed C.pneumoniae proteins targeting human ER and their implications in lung cancer growth.These targeted proteins may be involved in competitive interactions between host and bacterial proteins,which may change the usual pathway functions and trigger the development of lung cancer.Moreover,C.pneumoniae unfolded protein accumulation in the human ER possibly induces ER stress,consequently activating the unfolded protein response(UPR),and providing a favorable microenvironment for cancer growth.The current study showed the C.pneumoniae protein targeting in ER of host cell and their implication in lung cancer growth.These results may help researchers better manage lung cancer and establish a molecular mechanism for C.pneumoniae lung cancer association.

Mutagenicity of Wastewater Extracts from Pulp and Paper Industry

Wastewater samples were collected from pulp and paper mill located in Kashipur (India) and were extracted using dichloromethane (DCM), chloroform and hexane solvents (all were HPLC-grade). The extracts were assayed for their mutagenic potential using Ames Salmonella mutagenicity assay. TA98 strain was found to be the most responsive, in terms of induction factor (Mi) and slope (m) of the initial linear dose-response curve as determined by linear regression analysis up to the increasing doses indicating the presence of frame shift mutagens in the test samples. Mutagenicity of different extracts is arranged as follows: dichloromethane extracted water samples > hexane extracted water samples > chloroform extracted water samples. Hexane extract exhibited maximum mutagenic index of 13.0 and induction factor (Mi) 2.48 with TA98. The order of responsiveness based on the mutagenic index and induction factor for the test samples was in the following order: TA98 > TA97a > TA100 > TA102 > TA104. Our findings suggest that TA97a, TA98, TA100, TA102, TA104 were sensitive towards the wastewater extracts and showed considerable mutagenicity.

Microstructure evolution of Mg-Zn-Zr magnesium alloy against soft steel core projectile

The study aimed to shed light on the post deformation and damage behavior of an extruded Mg-Zn-Zr alloy under a ballistic impact.The results revealed that the initial microstructure consisted of both{0001}basal and{1010}prismatic fiber texture.After impact,adiabatic shear bands,pronounce different twinning in big grains,,<c>,and<c+a>types of dislocations,and grain refinement through twinning induce recrystallization accommodated the strain,and absorbed∼65.7%of the energy during impact carried by a soft steel projectile.Interestingly,the deformation behavior at the top broad sides of the crater was entirely different.The weak basal texture was changed to a strong prismatic texture,which was further proved by typical sigmoidal compressive stress-strain curves.A revised model for the development of the ultra-fine grains adjacent to the crater has been proposed.The microhardness and yield strength was∼33%and∼40%higher and chiefly ascribed to strain hardening in ultra-fine grained near the surface of the perforation path.The exit of the perforation path was severely damaged and forms onion-shaped concentric rings which were comprised of melted zones,dimples,and cracks.Based on the all interesting findings,this study can be a clue for the development of the lightweight Mg alloy for military and aerospace applications.

Helicobacter pylori outer membrane protein Q genotypes and their susceptibility to antiadhesive phytotherapeutic agents

OBJECTIVE： Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative organism. Its outer membrane protein Q（Hop Q） mediates host-pathogen interactions; Hop Q genotypes 1 and 2 are found associating with gastroduodenal pathologies. The authors measured the anti-adhesion effects of the extracts of Abelmoschus esculentus, Zingiber officinale, Trachyspermum ammi, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Curcuma longa and Capsicum annum against Hop Q genotypes and H. pylori cytotoxin-associated gene A（Cag A）.METHODS： DNA was extracted by polymerase chain reaction of the Hop Q genotypes（i.e., type 1, type 2 and Cag A） from 115 H. pylori strains. The effect of the extracts from selected dietary ingredients was determined using a gastric adenocarcinoma cell line and a quantitative DNA fragmentation assay. The anti-adhesive effect of these extracts on H. pylori was tested using an anti-adhesion analysis.RESULTS： C. annum, C. longa and A. esculentus showed prominent anti-adhesion effects with resultant values of 17.3% ± 2.9%, 14.6% ± 3.7%, 13.8% ± 3.6%, respectively, against Hop Q type 1 and 13.1% ± 1.7%, 12.1% ± 2%, 11.1% ± 1.6%, respectively, against Hop Q type 2. C. longa（93%）, C. annum（89%） and A. esculentus（75%） had better anti-adhesive activity against H. pylori with Hop Q type 1 compared to Hop Q type 2 with respective values of 70%, 64% and 51%. Extracts of C. annum（14.7% ± 4.1%）, A. esculentus（12.3% ± 4.1%） and Z. officinale（8.4% ± 2.8%） had an anti-adhesion effect against Cag A-positive H. pylori strains compared to Cag A-negative strains.