Increasing grain weight and yield stability by increasing pre-heading non-structural carbohydrate reserves per spikelet in short-growth duration rice

Rice yield stability is a breeding goal,particularly for short-growth duration rice,but its underlying mechanisms remain unclear.In an attempt to identify the relationship between yield stability and source–sink characteristics in short-growth duration rice,a field experiment was conducted at three sites(Yueyang,Liuyang,and Hengyang)in 2021 and 2022.This study compared yield,yield components,source–sink characteristics,and their stability between two stable-yielding short-growth duration rice cultivars,Zhongzao 39(Z-39)and Lingliangyou 268(L-268),and two unstable-yielding short-growth duration rice cultivars,Zhongjiazao 17(Z-17)and Zhuliangyou 819(Z-819).The stability of agronomic parameters was represented by the coefficient of variation(CV).The respective CVs of yield in Z-17,Z-819,Z-39,and L-268 were 10.2%,10.1%,4.5%,and 5.7%in 2021 and 19.7%,15.0%,5.4%,and 6.5%in 2022.The respective CVs of grain weight were 6.3%,5.7%,3.4%,and 4.5%in Z-17,Z-819,Z-39,and L-268 in 2021,and 8.1%,6.3%,1.5%,and 0.8%in 2022.The mean source capacity per spikelet and pre-heading non-structural carbohydrate reserves per spikelet(NSC_(pre))were 7%–43%and7%–72%lower in Z-819 and Z-17than in L-268 and Z-39 in 2021 and 2022.The mean quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry of leaf,leaf area index,and specific leaf weight of L-268 and Z-39 were higher than those of Z-819 and Z-17 at the heading stage.This study suggests that high NSC_(pre),caused by great leaf traits before heading,increases source capacity per spikelet and its stability,thereby increasing the stability of grain weight and yield.Increasing NSC_(pre)is critical for achieving grain weight and yield stability in short-growth duration rice.

High-dimensional atomic microscopy in surface plasmon polaritons

We develop a new scheme of two-dimensional(2D)and three-dimensional(3D)atom localization via absorption and gain spectra of surface plasmon polaritons(SPPs)in a closed loop four-level atomic system.For the atom–field interaction,we construct a spatially dependent field by superimposing two(three)standing-wave fields(SWFs)in 2D(3D)atom localization,respectively.We achieve high-precision and high spatial resolution of an atom localization by appropriately adjusting the system parameters such as probe field detuning and phase shifts of the SWFs.The absorption and gain spectra are used to attain information about the position of an atom in SPPs.Our proposed scheme opens up a fascinating way to improve the atom localization that supplies some practical applications in a high-dimensional SPPs.

High-resolution three-dimensional atomic microscopy via double electromagnetically induced transparency

We aim to present a new scheme for high-dimensional atomic microscopy via double electromagnetically induced transparency in a four-level tripod system.For atom-field interaction,we construct a spatially dependent field by superimposing three standing-wave fields(SWFs)in 3D-atom localization.We achieve a high precision and high spatial resolution of an atom localization by appropriately adjusting the system variables such as field intensities and phase shifts.We also see the impact of Doppler shift and show that it dramatically deteriorates the precision of spatial information on 3D-atom localization.We believe that our suggested scheme opens up a fascinating way to improve the atom localization that supplies some practical applications in atom nanolithography,and Bose-Einstein condensation.

A Hybrid Method for Edge Continuity Based on Pixel Neighbors Pattern Analysis (PNPA) for Remote Sensing Satellite Images

Edge enhancement is derived from lack of accurate result from edge detection techniques. The image which is captured from long distances carries a lot of noise and blur which causes edge discontinuity. Although some novel algorithms which are based on cellular neural network, fuzzy enhancement and binary morphology have shown accuracy in order to obtain refined edge but still the problem of edge discontinuity arises. Eliminating discontinuity of edge a hybrid technique is proposed based on pixel neighbors pattern analysis PNPA. In the technique Canny operator for initial edge detection, PNPA operation for edge enhancement are performed for remote sensing satellite image successively. The visual and subjective evaluation shows that the proposed PNPA operation can effectively eliminate the influence of edge discontinuity which occurred due to noise and blurr in original captured image, as comparing to existing edge segmenting processes.

Electromagnetic Time Reversal Algorithms and Source Localization in Lossy Dielectric Media

The problem of reconstructing the spatial support of an extended radiating electric current source density in a lossy dielectric medium from transient boundary measurements of the electric fields is studied. A time reversal algorithm is proposed to localize a source density from loss-less wave-field measurements. Further, in order to recover source densities in a lossy medium, we first build attenuation operators thereby relating loss-less waves with lossy ones. Then based on asymptotic expansions of attenuation operators with respect to attenuation parameter, we propose two time reversal strategies for localization. The losses in electromagnetic wave propagation are incorporated using the Debye's complex permittivity, which is well-adopted for low frequencies(radio and microwave) associated with polarization in dielectrics.

DETECTION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INCLUSIONS USING TOPOLOGICAL SENSITIVITY

In this article, a topological sensitivity framework for far-field detection of a diamet- rically small electromagnetic inclusion is established. The cases of single and multiple measurements of the electric far-field scattering amplitude at a fixed frequency are tak- en into account. The performance of the algorithm is analyzed theoretically in terms of its resolution and sensitivity for locating an inclusion. The stability of the framework with respect to measurement and medium noises is discussed. Moreover, the quantitative results for signal-to-noise ratio are presented. A few numerical results are presented to illustrate the detection capabilities of the proposed framework with single and multiple measurements.

Phytochemical composition, biological potential and enzyme inhibition activity of Scandix pecten-veneris L.

Objective： Scandix pecten-veneris L. is a less studied wild edible herb and is considered an extinct plant species in many parts of the world. This study was designed to evaluate its phytochemical composition and biological potential of S. pecten-veneris L. Methods： Phytochemicals including alkaloids, fiavonoids, polyphenols, and tannins were determined in extracts of S. pecten-veneris. Antioxidant activity was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl （DPPH）, while reducing power was tested by ferric reducing/antioxidant power （FRAP） assay. Antimi- crobial activity against seven bacterial and four fungal strains was evaluated using agar well diffusion assay. Enzymes inhibition study was performed for urease, phosphodiesterase-I, and catalase-II. Results： S. pecten-veneris showed moderate antiradical activity and reducing potential of hydroxyl radicals to about 20% of the initial value. The antiox- idant activity of various extracts of S. pecten-veneris showed a linear correlation with total phenolic contents in the order of water〉n-butanol〉chloroform〉ethyl acetate〉methanol extracts. S. pecten-veneris leaves showed the highest inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus while the highest antifungal activity was observed against Candida albicans. The plant extract was most potent against urease enzymes but showed moderate activity against phosphodiestrase-I and carbonic anhydrase-II. Conclusions： Our data demonstrate that in addition to its culinary uses, S. pecten-veneris has good medicinal potential and hence could be used for treating some specific health ailments.