Insulin,a small protein with 51 amino acids synthesized by pancreatic β-cells,is crucial to sustain glucose homeostasis at biochemical and molecular levels.Numerous metabolic dysfunctions are related to insulin-media...Insulin,a small protein with 51 amino acids synthesized by pancreatic β-cells,is crucial to sustain glucose homeostasis at biochemical and molecular levels.Numerous metabolic dysfunctions are related to insulin-mediated altered glucose homeostasis.One of the significant pathophysiological conditions linked to the insulin associated disorder is diabetes mellitus(DM)(type 1,type 2,and gestational).Insulin resistance(IR)is one of the major underlying causes of metabolic disorders despite its association with several physiological conditions.Metabolic syndrome(MS)is another pathophysiological condition that is associated with IR,hypertension,and obesity.Further,several other pathophysiological disorders/diseases are associated with the insulin malfunctioning,which include polycystic ovary syndrome,neuronal disorders,and cancer.Insulinomas are an uncommon type of pancreatic β-cell-derived neuroendocrine tumor that makes up 2% of all pancreatic neoplasms.Literature revealed that different biochemical events,molecular signaling pathways,microRNAs,and microbiota act as connecting links between insulin disorder and associated pathophysiology such as DM,insuloma,neurological disorder,MS,and cancer.In this review,we focus on the insulin-related disorders and the underlying mechanisms associated with the pathophysiology.展开更多
Essential oils of different species of the genus Ocimum are natural flavouring materials of commercial importance.The data given in current literature are pertaining to the chemical composition of essential oils of di...Essential oils of different species of the genus Ocimum are natural flavouring materials of commercial importance.The data given in current literature are pertaining to the chemical composition of essential oils of different Ocimum species viz.,Ocimum basilicum Linn.(alt.Ocimum basilicum var.minimum,Ocimum basilicum var.purpurience).Ocimum campechianum Mill.,Ocimum canum Sims.(Ocimum americanum),Ocimum citriodorum,Ocimum gratissimum Linn.,Ocimum kilimandscharicum Linn..Ocimum micranthum Willd.,Ocimum sanctum Linn.,(alt.Ocimum tenuiflorum Linn.),Ocimum selloi Benth..Ocimum trichodon,Ocimum utricifolium from different geographical regions.A considerable difference in chemical composition of a particular species is found,which may be due to their occurrence in different eco-climatic zones and changes in edaphic factors.Attention is also focused on the biological properties of Ocimum oils which are related to their various interesting applications as antimicrobial,antioxidant,repellent,insecticidal,larvieidal,nematicidal and therapeutic(anti-inflammatory,antinociceptive,antipyretic,antiulcer,analgesic,anthelmintic,anticarcinogenic,skin permeation enhancer,immunomodulatory,cardio-protective,antilipidemic) agents.展开更多
文摘Insulin,a small protein with 51 amino acids synthesized by pancreatic β-cells,is crucial to sustain glucose homeostasis at biochemical and molecular levels.Numerous metabolic dysfunctions are related to insulin-mediated altered glucose homeostasis.One of the significant pathophysiological conditions linked to the insulin associated disorder is diabetes mellitus(DM)(type 1,type 2,and gestational).Insulin resistance(IR)is one of the major underlying causes of metabolic disorders despite its association with several physiological conditions.Metabolic syndrome(MS)is another pathophysiological condition that is associated with IR,hypertension,and obesity.Further,several other pathophysiological disorders/diseases are associated with the insulin malfunctioning,which include polycystic ovary syndrome,neuronal disorders,and cancer.Insulinomas are an uncommon type of pancreatic β-cell-derived neuroendocrine tumor that makes up 2% of all pancreatic neoplasms.Literature revealed that different biochemical events,molecular signaling pathways,microRNAs,and microbiota act as connecting links between insulin disorder and associated pathophysiology such as DM,insuloma,neurological disorder,MS,and cancer.In this review,we focus on the insulin-related disorders and the underlying mechanisms associated with the pathophysiology.
基金Supported by CST LP Lucknow(Grant No.CST/AAS.D-09,April3,2007)
文摘Essential oils of different species of the genus Ocimum are natural flavouring materials of commercial importance.The data given in current literature are pertaining to the chemical composition of essential oils of different Ocimum species viz.,Ocimum basilicum Linn.(alt.Ocimum basilicum var.minimum,Ocimum basilicum var.purpurience).Ocimum campechianum Mill.,Ocimum canum Sims.(Ocimum americanum),Ocimum citriodorum,Ocimum gratissimum Linn.,Ocimum kilimandscharicum Linn..Ocimum micranthum Willd.,Ocimum sanctum Linn.,(alt.Ocimum tenuiflorum Linn.),Ocimum selloi Benth..Ocimum trichodon,Ocimum utricifolium from different geographical regions.A considerable difference in chemical composition of a particular species is found,which may be due to their occurrence in different eco-climatic zones and changes in edaphic factors.Attention is also focused on the biological properties of Ocimum oils which are related to their various interesting applications as antimicrobial,antioxidant,repellent,insecticidal,larvieidal,nematicidal and therapeutic(anti-inflammatory,antinociceptive,antipyretic,antiulcer,analgesic,anthelmintic,anticarcinogenic,skin permeation enhancer,immunomodulatory,cardio-protective,antilipidemic) agents.
