Internal combustion engines suffer from high cyclic variations that result in higher emissions,lower efficiency,higher fuel consump-tion and poor drivability.The purpose of this study is to investigate how Argemone me...Internal combustion engines suffer from high cyclic variations that result in higher emissions,lower efficiency,higher fuel consump-tion and poor drivability.The purpose of this study is to investigate how Argemone mexicana biodiesel(AGB)/diesel blended fuels affect the cyclic variability of combustion parameters such as maximum cylinder pressure(Pmax)and indicated mean effective pressure(IMEP)in a four-cylinder turbocharged intercooled common-rail direct injection engine under various engine loading conditions.The chemical and physical properties of AGB produced from A.mexicana oil were measured and compared according to the ASTM D6751 standards.In various volumetric ratios,AGB and diesel fuel were blended as D100,AB10(10%AGB+90%D100),AB20(20%AGB+80%D100)and AB30(30%AGB+70%D100).The IMEP and Pmax time-series data were collected over 200 consecutive cycles at low,partial and high engine loads at a constant engine speed of 2000 rpm.The coefficients of variation(COV)of combustion parameters(Pmax and IMEP)were measured for different AGB/diesel blends and found to be within acceptable limits.The results show that COV_(Pmax) and COV_(IMEP) decrease as the engine load increases.It was observed that at low load,AB10 has the lowest COV(Pmax,IMEP),and at partial and high load,AB20 has the lowest COV(Pmax,IMEP)among all the blends.展开更多
Background:Manilkara hexandra(Roxb.)dubard is an evergreen tree species that belongs to the Sapotaceae family which has been used in traditional system of medicines since ages in South Asia,especially in Western and C...Background:Manilkara hexandra(Roxb.)dubard is an evergreen tree species that belongs to the Sapotaceae family which has been used in traditional system of medicines since ages in South Asia,especially in Western and Central India.Objective:This review aims to include a thorough report on phytochemicals found in the various sections of the plant,which are responsible for their medicinal properties in turn.Method:All the informations in this article were collated from selected research papers from online database such as PubMed,Web of Science and Scopus.Results:An audit of its literature shows extracts from this plant and bio transformed products possess different activities such as antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,antiulcer,aphrodisiac,immuno-stimulation activity,arthritic activity,and free radical scavenging activity.Apart from therapeutic indications,the products obtained such as edible and nutritious fruit,valuable wood,latex,and bark,are cost effective and are a source of living for local people.The varieties of chemical compounds have been isolated from this species,including sterols,sugar,terpenoids,anthraquinone glycoside,cardiac glycoside,saponin and tannins,etc.Worldwide the large occurrence of this underutilized species offers an incentive to use this plant at crucial levels in the treatment of various ailments.Conclusion:This review attempts to systematically collate the scattered knowledge on M.hexandra,for its botan-ical elements,phytochemistry,ethnopharmacology,and biological activities,to assess the range of variation among natural populations in opening research areas,and to identify elite cultivars for popularization among farmers/tribal for conservation and sustainable use on conducting field improvement studies.展开更多
文摘Internal combustion engines suffer from high cyclic variations that result in higher emissions,lower efficiency,higher fuel consump-tion and poor drivability.The purpose of this study is to investigate how Argemone mexicana biodiesel(AGB)/diesel blended fuels affect the cyclic variability of combustion parameters such as maximum cylinder pressure(Pmax)and indicated mean effective pressure(IMEP)in a four-cylinder turbocharged intercooled common-rail direct injection engine under various engine loading conditions.The chemical and physical properties of AGB produced from A.mexicana oil were measured and compared according to the ASTM D6751 standards.In various volumetric ratios,AGB and diesel fuel were blended as D100,AB10(10%AGB+90%D100),AB20(20%AGB+80%D100)and AB30(30%AGB+70%D100).The IMEP and Pmax time-series data were collected over 200 consecutive cycles at low,partial and high engine loads at a constant engine speed of 2000 rpm.The coefficients of variation(COV)of combustion parameters(Pmax and IMEP)were measured for different AGB/diesel blends and found to be within acceptable limits.The results show that COV_(Pmax) and COV_(IMEP) decrease as the engine load increases.It was observed that at low load,AB10 has the lowest COV(Pmax,IMEP),and at partial and high load,AB20 has the lowest COV(Pmax,IMEP)among all the blends.
基金support from the database(literature survey)avail-able from library of Chitkara College of pharmacy and the Knowledge Centre of Chitkara University.
文摘Background:Manilkara hexandra(Roxb.)dubard is an evergreen tree species that belongs to the Sapotaceae family which has been used in traditional system of medicines since ages in South Asia,especially in Western and Central India.Objective:This review aims to include a thorough report on phytochemicals found in the various sections of the plant,which are responsible for their medicinal properties in turn.Method:All the informations in this article were collated from selected research papers from online database such as PubMed,Web of Science and Scopus.Results:An audit of its literature shows extracts from this plant and bio transformed products possess different activities such as antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,antiulcer,aphrodisiac,immuno-stimulation activity,arthritic activity,and free radical scavenging activity.Apart from therapeutic indications,the products obtained such as edible and nutritious fruit,valuable wood,latex,and bark,are cost effective and are a source of living for local people.The varieties of chemical compounds have been isolated from this species,including sterols,sugar,terpenoids,anthraquinone glycoside,cardiac glycoside,saponin and tannins,etc.Worldwide the large occurrence of this underutilized species offers an incentive to use this plant at crucial levels in the treatment of various ailments.Conclusion:This review attempts to systematically collate the scattered knowledge on M.hexandra,for its botan-ical elements,phytochemistry,ethnopharmacology,and biological activities,to assess the range of variation among natural populations in opening research areas,and to identify elite cultivars for popularization among farmers/tribal for conservation and sustainable use on conducting field improvement studies.
