In this study, the main purpose is to develop low-cost catalysts with high activity and stability for high quality syngas production via steam reforming of biomass tar in biomass gasification process. The calcined was...In this study, the main purpose is to develop low-cost catalysts with high activity and stability for high quality syngas production via steam reforming of biomass tar in biomass gasification process. The calcined waste scallop shell（CS） supported copper（Cu） catalysts are prepared for steam reforming of biomass tar. The prepared Cu supported on CS catalysts exhibit higher catalytic activity than those on commercial CaO and Al;O;. Characterization results indicate that Cu/CS has a strong interaction between Cu and CaO in CS support, resulting in the formation of calcium copper oxide phase which could stabilize Cu species and provide new active sites for the tar reforming. In addition, the strong basicity of CS support and other inorganic elements contained in CS support could enhance the activity of Cu/CS. The addition of a small amount of Co is found to be able to stabilize the catalytic activity of Cu/CS catalysts,making them reusable after regeneration without any loss of their activities.展开更多
Beyond conventional methods for CO2 capture and storage, a promising technology of sub-seabed CO2 storage in the form of gas hydrate has come into the limelight nowadays. In order to estimate CO2 storage capacity in t...Beyond conventional methods for CO2 capture and storage, a promising technology of sub-seabed CO2 storage in the form of gas hydrate has come into the limelight nowadays. In order to estimate CO2 storage capacity in the real sub-seabed sediments by gas hydrate, a large-scale geological model with the radius of 100 m and the thickness of 160 m was built in this study, and the processes of CO2 injection and CO2 hydrate formation in the sediments with two-phase flow were simulated numerically at three different injection rates of 10 ton/day, 50 ton/day, and 100 ton/day for an injection period of 150 days. Then, the evolutions of CO2 reaction, free CO2, and hydrate formation over time were analyzed quantitatively, and the spatial distributions of the physical properties in the sediments were presented to investigate the behaviors of CO2 hydrate formation in the sediments with two-phase flow. For CO2 storage capacity, a total amount of 15,000-ton CO2 can be stored safely in the sediments at the injection rate of 100 ton/day for 150 days, and a maximum amount of 36,500-ton CO2 could be stored in the sub-seabed sediments per year for a CO2 storage reservoir with the thickness of 100 m. For the practical scenario, an average value of 1 ton/day/m could be used to determine the actual injection rate based on the thickness of the real sub-seabed sediments.展开更多
Direct electrolytic splitting of seawater for the production of H2 using ocean energy is a promising technology that can help achieve carbon neutrality.However,owing to the high concentrations of chlorine ions in seaw...Direct electrolytic splitting of seawater for the production of H2 using ocean energy is a promising technology that can help achieve carbon neutrality.However,owing to the high concentrations of chlorine ions in seawater,the chlorine evolution reaction always competes with the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)at the anode,and chloride corrosion occurs on both the anode and cathode.Thus,effective electrocatalysts with high selectivity toward the OER and excellent resistance to chloride corrosion should be developed.In this critical review,we focus on the prospects of state-of-the-art metal-oxide electrocatalysts,including noble metal oxides,non-noble metal oxides and their compounds,and spinel-and perovskite-type oxides,for seawater splitting.We elucidate their chemical properties,excellent OER selectivity,outstanding anti-chlorine-corrosion performance,and reaction mechanisms.In particular,we review metal oxides that operate at high current densities,near industrial application levels,based on special catalyst design strategies.展开更多
Earth-abundant seawater resource has become an attractive candidate to produce hydrogen from electrolysis,which is of great significance to realize hydrogen economy and carbon neutrality.Nonetheless,developing highly ...Earth-abundant seawater resource has become an attractive candidate to produce hydrogen from electrolysis,which is of great significance to realize hydrogen economy and carbon neutrality.Nonetheless,developing highly active and stable electrocatalysts to meet the needs of highly effective seawater splitting is still challenging for the sluggish oxygen evolution dynamics and the existed competitive reaction of chlorine evolution reaction(CER).To this end,some newly-developed electrocatalysts with superior performance,such as noble metals,alloy,transition metals,oxides,carbides,nitrides,phosphides,and so on,have been synthesized for the seawater splitting in recent years.This review starts from the historical background and fundamental mechanisms,and summarizes the most recent progress in the development of seawater electrolysis technologies.Some existing issues in the process of seawater electrolysis are enumerated and the corresponded solutions are presented.The future of hydrogen production from seawater electrolysis,especially the design and synthesis of novel catalysts for seawater electrolysis,is prospected.展开更多
Designing and fabricating of heterostructured materials with long-term cycling stability and high-rate capacity for the anode of sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)still remain a great challenge.Herein,micro-flower-like MoS_(2...Designing and fabricating of heterostructured materials with long-term cycling stability and high-rate capacity for the anode of sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)still remain a great challenge.Herein,micro-flower-like MoS_(2)-modified Co_(9)S_(8)(Co_(9)S_(8)/MoS_(2))with a three-dimensional(3D)heterostructure was first obtained via a simple solvothermal synthesis followed by a solid sulfidation treatment process.As a material for the anode of SIBs,the Co_(9)S_(8)/MoS_(2)-based electrode with an initial Co/Mo molar ratio of 1/1(denoted as CM55-S)exhibits the best sodium storage performance with a boosted capacity,superior reversibility(424.5 mAh g^(-1)@2 A g^(-1)at the 1600th cycle,401.1 mAh g^(-1)@5 A g^(-1)at the 800th cycle),and an excellent rate capacity(210.1 mAh g^(-1)@20 A g^(-1)).Density functional theory(DFT)calculations confirm that the Co_(9)S_(8)/MoS_(2)heterostructure has a lower energy barrier(0.30 eV)than the pure Co_(9)S_(8)(0.53 eV).It is expected that such a heterostructured material could be an attractive candidate as the material of the anode for SIBs.展开更多
In this work,to efficiently utilize waste fruit and low-rank coal for the hydrogen(H_(2))-rich syngas production,steam co-gasification of banana peel(BP)and brown coal(BC)was studied in a fixed-bed reactor.The results...In this work,to efficiently utilize waste fruit and low-rank coal for the hydrogen(H_(2))-rich syngas production,steam co-gasification of banana peel(BP)and brown coal(BC)was studied in a fixed-bed reactor.The results showed that the gasification rate of BC was highly enhanced after mixing it with BP and the obvious synergistic effect was observed in all investigated three mixing weight ratios(i.e.,1:1,1:4,4:1),resulting in a higher carbon conversion as well as a H_(2)-rich gas production yield for the co-gasification.However,the extent of promotion by synergistic effect was affected by the reaction temperature,mixing ratio,and steam amount.It was found that the high potassium(K)species content in the BP provided the catalytic effect not only on water-gas shift reaction but also on tar reforming/cracking,thereby enhancing the gasification of BC.In addition,it is confirmed that steam should be an important factor to promote the synergistic effect and H_(2)-rich gas production.展开更多
Pyrolysis technology has received increasing attention in recent years due to its great potential in the field of lowrank coal clean and efficient conversion.Since pyrolysis reaction is very fast and prone to overreac...Pyrolysis technology has received increasing attention in recent years due to its great potential in the field of lowrank coal clean and efficient conversion.Since pyrolysis reaction is very fast and prone to overreaction,the downer-type reactor is considered as a pyrolyzer due to its unique plug flow reactor characteristics.However,the low solids holdup,which is not beneficial for the fast heat transfer,limits its industrial application.Thus,how to realize high-density operation is crucial to the successful application of the downer reactor.Herein,the definition and strategies of high-density operation in the downer were introduced at first.And then,considering the increasing influence of computational fluid dynamics(CFD)in the fluidization industry,the state-of-the-art progress in downer simulation was reviewed,in which the newly developed drag models for downers were carefully discussed and compared.Also,to help prediction of the pyrolysis behaviors,the widely used pyrolysis kinetic models were systematically summarized.Combined with the potential of the downer in the field of coal pyrolysis,the relevant research progress of hot-state simulation of the downer pyrolyzer were introduced and analyzed.Finally,the suggestions on how to carry out follow-up work were given.It is expected that this review could give a better understanding for designing and optimizing downer pyrolyzer.展开更多
Recently,nanocellulose and its applications gain high attraction in both research and industrial areas due to its attractive properties such as excellent mechanical properties,high surface area,rich hydroxyl groups fo...Recently,nanocellulose and its applications gain high attraction in both research and industrial areas due to its attractive properties such as excellent mechanical properties,high surface area,rich hydroxyl groups for modification,and natural properties with 100%environmental friendliness.In this review,the background of nanocellulose originated from lignocellulosic biomass and the typical extraction methods and general applications are summarized,in which the nanocellulose extraction methods related to ball milling are mainly introduced.Also,an outlook on its future is given.It is expected to provide guidance on the effective extraction of nanocellulose from biomass and its most possible applications in the future.展开更多
Development of catholytes with long-cycle lifespan,high interfacial stability,and fast electrochemical kinetics is crucial for the comprehensive deployment of high-energy density lithium metal batteries(LMBs)with cost...Development of catholytes with long-cycle lifespan,high interfacial stability,and fast electrochemical kinetics is crucial for the comprehensive deployment of high-energy density lithium metal batteries(LMBs)with cost-efficiency.In this study,a lithiated 2-mercaptopyridine(2-MP-Li)organosulfide was synthesized and used as the soluble catholyte for the first time.Under the routine working mode,the LMB using this 2-MP-Li catholyte possessed high capacity retention of 55.4%with a Coulombic efficiency(CE)of near 100%after 2,000 cycles.When a cell system was fully filled with 2-MP-Li catholyte,it yielded a double capacity with 15%improvement in the capacity retention,corresponding to 0.0182%capacity decay per cycle,as well as excellent rate performance even at 6 mA·cm^(−2).These superior achievements resulted from the enhanced interfacial stability of Li anode induced by the salt-type 2-MP-Li molecule and the avoiding of using neutral catholyte as the initial active material,thereby mitigating the side reactions originating from the polysulfide shuttle effect.Furthermore,density functional theory(DFT)calculation and kinetics investigations proved the pseudocapacitive characteristic and faster ion diffusion coefficient with this design.Besides,the fabricated energy storage device showed excellent performance but with low economic cost and easy processing.Such a LMB with an alterable amount of capacity has a high potential to be applied in flow-cell type batteries for large-scale grid energy storage in the future.展开更多
Mn-Co mixed oxides were electrodeposited on Cu nanowires generated on Cu foam(CF)and used for effectively catalytic oxidation of toluene.The physical and chemical properties of the prepared catalysts were characterize...Mn-Co mixed oxides were electrodeposited on Cu nanowires generated on Cu foam(CF)and used for effectively catalytic oxidation of toluene.The physical and chemical properties of the prepared catalysts were characterized by SEM,TEM,XRD,H_(2)-TPR,O_(2)-TPD and XPS.It is found that the Mn-Co mixed metal oxides were uniformly coated on the Cu nanowires by the electrochemical method,whose Mn/Co ratio can be tuned by adjusting the molar ratio of Mn/Co in the initial solution for the electrodeposition.The intimate contact between Mn and Co nanocrystals was found by HRTEM,which is important for realizing synergetic effects on improving catalytic activity.Meanwhile,the formation of the active surface oxygen species and the increase of the active species of Mn^(4+)and Co^(3+)were considered to make significant contribution to the catalytic oxidation of toluene.Mn-Co mixed metal oxide catalysts exhibited higher performance than the single metal oxide,and especially 0.10Mn-0.01Co/CF catalyst with the Mn/Co molar ratio of 10:1 in the initial solution for the electrodeposition achieved the highest catalytic activity with a low toluene conversion temperature(T_(90%))of 251℃,and displayed excellent catalytic stability even in the presence of water vapor.It is expected that such a simply-electrodeposited mixed metal oxides based catalysts could be applied for the oxidation of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)in a practical process.展开更多
A series of hetero-metal(Ni,Mn,and Cu)doped Co-based catalysts were prepared by a unipolar pulse electro-deposition(UPED)method and applied for the catalytic combustion of toluene.It is found that hetero-metal doping ...A series of hetero-metal(Ni,Mn,and Cu)doped Co-based catalysts were prepared by a unipolar pulse electro-deposition(UPED)method and applied for the catalytic combustion of toluene.It is found that hetero-metal doping significantly influenced the morphology and surface elemental compositions of Co-based catalysts,and the increase in the contents of Ni and Mn elements made a negative influence on the catalyst structure.H_(2)-TPR and O_(2)-TPD analysis results suggested that the hetero-metal doping enhanced the low temperature reducibility and resulted in the formation of lattice defects,which were favorable to generate more easily reducible species and facilitate the oxygen mobility,thereby improved the performance for the catalytic combustion of toluene.Especially,the Co-Cu/NF catalyst performed the best catalytic activity with the lowest toluene conversion temperature of T90 at 248℃,which should be contributed by its low-temperature reducibility,increased surface and lattice oxygen species,and high content of active Co^(3+)species promoted by the interaction of the mixed metal oxides.Moreover,the Co-Cu/NF also performed excellent catalytic stability and high selectivity to CO_(2) in the presence and absence of water vapor for the catalytic combustion of toluene for a long term.展开更多
基金supported by Aomori City Government,Japan and the International Joint Research Project of Shanxi Province(No.2015081051 and 2015081052),Chinathe scholarship from the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology(MEXT)of Japanresearch fund for Ph.D.course student from Hirosaki University
文摘In this study, the main purpose is to develop low-cost catalysts with high activity and stability for high quality syngas production via steam reforming of biomass tar in biomass gasification process. The calcined waste scallop shell（CS） supported copper（Cu） catalysts are prepared for steam reforming of biomass tar. The prepared Cu supported on CS catalysts exhibit higher catalytic activity than those on commercial CaO and Al;O;. Characterization results indicate that Cu/CS has a strong interaction between Cu and CaO in CS support, resulting in the formation of calcium copper oxide phase which could stabilize Cu species and provide new active sites for the tar reforming. In addition, the strong basicity of CS support and other inorganic elements contained in CS support could enhance the activity of Cu/CS. The addition of a small amount of Co is found to be able to stabilize the catalytic activity of Cu/CS catalysts,making them reusable after regeneration without any loss of their activities.
文摘Beyond conventional methods for CO2 capture and storage, a promising technology of sub-seabed CO2 storage in the form of gas hydrate has come into the limelight nowadays. In order to estimate CO2 storage capacity in the real sub-seabed sediments by gas hydrate, a large-scale geological model with the radius of 100 m and the thickness of 160 m was built in this study, and the processes of CO2 injection and CO2 hydrate formation in the sediments with two-phase flow were simulated numerically at three different injection rates of 10 ton/day, 50 ton/day, and 100 ton/day for an injection period of 150 days. Then, the evolutions of CO2 reaction, free CO2, and hydrate formation over time were analyzed quantitatively, and the spatial distributions of the physical properties in the sediments were presented to investigate the behaviors of CO2 hydrate formation in the sediments with two-phase flow. For CO2 storage capacity, a total amount of 15,000-ton CO2 can be stored safely in the sediments at the injection rate of 100 ton/day for 150 days, and a maximum amount of 36,500-ton CO2 could be stored in the sub-seabed sediments per year for a CO2 storage reservoir with the thickness of 100 m. For the practical scenario, an average value of 1 ton/day/m could be used to determine the actual injection rate based on the thickness of the real sub-seabed sediments.
基金This work is supported by ZiQoo Chemical Co.Ltd.,Japan,and Hydrogen Energy Systems Society of Japan.Chen and Feng gratefully acknowledge the State Scholarship Fund of China Scholarship Council,China.Kitiphatpiboon gratefully acknowledges MEXT of Japan for the scholarship,Japan.
文摘Direct electrolytic splitting of seawater for the production of H2 using ocean energy is a promising technology that can help achieve carbon neutrality.However,owing to the high concentrations of chlorine ions in seawater,the chlorine evolution reaction always competes with the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)at the anode,and chloride corrosion occurs on both the anode and cathode.Thus,effective electrocatalysts with high selectivity toward the OER and excellent resistance to chloride corrosion should be developed.In this critical review,we focus on the prospects of state-of-the-art metal-oxide electrocatalysts,including noble metal oxides,non-noble metal oxides and their compounds,and spinel-and perovskite-type oxides,for seawater splitting.We elucidate their chemical properties,excellent OER selectivity,outstanding anti-chlorine-corrosion performance,and reaction mechanisms.In particular,we review metal oxides that operate at high current densities,near industrial application levels,based on special catalyst design strategies.
基金supported by ZiQoo Chemical Co.Ltd.,Japan,and Hydrogen Energy Systems Society of Japan.Feng and Chen gratefully acknowledge the State Scholarship Fund of China Scholarship Council,China.
文摘Earth-abundant seawater resource has become an attractive candidate to produce hydrogen from electrolysis,which is of great significance to realize hydrogen economy and carbon neutrality.Nonetheless,developing highly active and stable electrocatalysts to meet the needs of highly effective seawater splitting is still challenging for the sluggish oxygen evolution dynamics and the existed competitive reaction of chlorine evolution reaction(CER).To this end,some newly-developed electrocatalysts with superior performance,such as noble metals,alloy,transition metals,oxides,carbides,nitrides,phosphides,and so on,have been synthesized for the seawater splitting in recent years.This review starts from the historical background and fundamental mechanisms,and summarizes the most recent progress in the development of seawater electrolysis technologies.Some existing issues in the process of seawater electrolysis are enumerated and the corresponded solutions are presented.The future of hydrogen production from seawater electrolysis,especially the design and synthesis of novel catalysts for seawater electrolysis,is prospected.
基金supported by ZiQoo Chemical Co.Ltd.,Japan.C.Liu gratefully acknowledges China Scholarship Council(CSC),China.
文摘Designing and fabricating of heterostructured materials with long-term cycling stability and high-rate capacity for the anode of sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)still remain a great challenge.Herein,micro-flower-like MoS_(2)-modified Co_(9)S_(8)(Co_(9)S_(8)/MoS_(2))with a three-dimensional(3D)heterostructure was first obtained via a simple solvothermal synthesis followed by a solid sulfidation treatment process.As a material for the anode of SIBs,the Co_(9)S_(8)/MoS_(2)-based electrode with an initial Co/Mo molar ratio of 1/1(denoted as CM55-S)exhibits the best sodium storage performance with a boosted capacity,superior reversibility(424.5 mAh g^(-1)@2 A g^(-1)at the 1600th cycle,401.1 mAh g^(-1)@5 A g^(-1)at the 800th cycle),and an excellent rate capacity(210.1 mAh g^(-1)@20 A g^(-1)).Density functional theory(DFT)calculations confirm that the Co_(9)S_(8)/MoS_(2)heterostructure has a lower energy barrier(0.30 eV)than the pure Co_(9)S_(8)(0.53 eV).It is expected that such a heterostructured material could be an attractive candidate as the material of the anode for SIBs.
基金supported by JST Grant Number JPMJPF2104 and Hirosaki University Fundthe scholarship from the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sport,Science and Technology(MEXT)of Japan.
文摘In this work,to efficiently utilize waste fruit and low-rank coal for the hydrogen(H_(2))-rich syngas production,steam co-gasification of banana peel(BP)and brown coal(BC)was studied in a fixed-bed reactor.The results showed that the gasification rate of BC was highly enhanced after mixing it with BP and the obvious synergistic effect was observed in all investigated three mixing weight ratios(i.e.,1:1,1:4,4:1),resulting in a higher carbon conversion as well as a H_(2)-rich gas production yield for the co-gasification.However,the extent of promotion by synergistic effect was affected by the reaction temperature,mixing ratio,and steam amount.It was found that the high potassium(K)species content in the BP provided the catalytic effect not only on water-gas shift reaction but also on tar reforming/cracking,thereby enhancing the gasification of BC.In addition,it is confirmed that steam should be an important factor to promote the synergistic effect and H_(2)-rich gas production.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1710101,22108262,21908135)Shanxi Province Science Foundation for Youths(20210302124600,201901D211435)Shanxi Province Foundation for Returness(2019-20),China.
文摘Pyrolysis technology has received increasing attention in recent years due to its great potential in the field of lowrank coal clean and efficient conversion.Since pyrolysis reaction is very fast and prone to overreaction,the downer-type reactor is considered as a pyrolyzer due to its unique plug flow reactor characteristics.However,the low solids holdup,which is not beneficial for the fast heat transfer,limits its industrial application.Thus,how to realize high-density operation is crucial to the successful application of the downer reactor.Herein,the definition and strategies of high-density operation in the downer were introduced at first.And then,considering the increasing influence of computational fluid dynamics(CFD)in the fluidization industry,the state-of-the-art progress in downer simulation was reviewed,in which the newly developed drag models for downers were carefully discussed and compared.Also,to help prediction of the pyrolysis behaviors,the widely used pyrolysis kinetic models were systematically summarized.Combined with the potential of the downer in the field of coal pyrolysis,the relevant research progress of hot-state simulation of the downer pyrolyzer were introduced and analyzed.Finally,the suggestions on how to carry out follow-up work were given.It is expected that this review could give a better understanding for designing and optimizing downer pyrolyzer.
文摘Recently,nanocellulose and its applications gain high attraction in both research and industrial areas due to its attractive properties such as excellent mechanical properties,high surface area,rich hydroxyl groups for modification,and natural properties with 100%environmental friendliness.In this review,the background of nanocellulose originated from lignocellulosic biomass and the typical extraction methods and general applications are summarized,in which the nanocellulose extraction methods related to ball milling are mainly introduced.Also,an outlook on its future is given.It is expected to provide guidance on the effective extraction of nanocellulose from biomass and its most possible applications in the future.
基金supported by the ZiQoo Chemical Co.,Ltd.All authors greatly acknowledge Associate Professor Akihiro Yoshida at Hirosaki University,Japan,to help measuring 1H NMR spectrum.Z.K.X.greatly acknowledges the Key Scientific Research Project of Universities in Henan Province(No.22A150023)Zhengzhou University Young Teacher Special Fund(No.226-33212552).
文摘Development of catholytes with long-cycle lifespan,high interfacial stability,and fast electrochemical kinetics is crucial for the comprehensive deployment of high-energy density lithium metal batteries(LMBs)with cost-efficiency.In this study,a lithiated 2-mercaptopyridine(2-MP-Li)organosulfide was synthesized and used as the soluble catholyte for the first time.Under the routine working mode,the LMB using this 2-MP-Li catholyte possessed high capacity retention of 55.4%with a Coulombic efficiency(CE)of near 100%after 2,000 cycles.When a cell system was fully filled with 2-MP-Li catholyte,it yielded a double capacity with 15%improvement in the capacity retention,corresponding to 0.0182%capacity decay per cycle,as well as excellent rate performance even at 6 mA·cm^(−2).These superior achievements resulted from the enhanced interfacial stability of Li anode induced by the salt-type 2-MP-Li molecule and the avoiding of using neutral catholyte as the initial active material,thereby mitigating the side reactions originating from the polysulfide shuttle effect.Furthermore,density functional theory(DFT)calculation and kinetics investigations proved the pseudocapacitive characteristic and faster ion diffusion coefficient with this design.Besides,the fabricated energy storage device showed excellent performance but with low economic cost and easy processing.Such a LMB with an alterable amount of capacity has a high potential to be applied in flow-cell type batteries for large-scale grid energy storage in the future.
文摘Mn-Co mixed oxides were electrodeposited on Cu nanowires generated on Cu foam(CF)and used for effectively catalytic oxidation of toluene.The physical and chemical properties of the prepared catalysts were characterized by SEM,TEM,XRD,H_(2)-TPR,O_(2)-TPD and XPS.It is found that the Mn-Co mixed metal oxides were uniformly coated on the Cu nanowires by the electrochemical method,whose Mn/Co ratio can be tuned by adjusting the molar ratio of Mn/Co in the initial solution for the electrodeposition.The intimate contact between Mn and Co nanocrystals was found by HRTEM,which is important for realizing synergetic effects on improving catalytic activity.Meanwhile,the formation of the active surface oxygen species and the increase of the active species of Mn^(4+)and Co^(3+)were considered to make significant contribution to the catalytic oxidation of toluene.Mn-Co mixed metal oxide catalysts exhibited higher performance than the single metal oxide,and especially 0.10Mn-0.01Co/CF catalyst with the Mn/Co molar ratio of 10:1 in the initial solution for the electrodeposition achieved the highest catalytic activity with a low toluene conversion temperature(T_(90%))of 251℃,and displayed excellent catalytic stability even in the presence of water vapor.It is expected that such a simply-electrodeposited mixed metal oxides based catalysts could be applied for the oxidation of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)in a practical process.
文摘A series of hetero-metal(Ni,Mn,and Cu)doped Co-based catalysts were prepared by a unipolar pulse electro-deposition(UPED)method and applied for the catalytic combustion of toluene.It is found that hetero-metal doping significantly influenced the morphology and surface elemental compositions of Co-based catalysts,and the increase in the contents of Ni and Mn elements made a negative influence on the catalyst structure.H_(2)-TPR and O_(2)-TPD analysis results suggested that the hetero-metal doping enhanced the low temperature reducibility and resulted in the formation of lattice defects,which were favorable to generate more easily reducible species and facilitate the oxygen mobility,thereby improved the performance for the catalytic combustion of toluene.Especially,the Co-Cu/NF catalyst performed the best catalytic activity with the lowest toluene conversion temperature of T90 at 248℃,which should be contributed by its low-temperature reducibility,increased surface and lattice oxygen species,and high content of active Co^(3+)species promoted by the interaction of the mixed metal oxides.Moreover,the Co-Cu/NF also performed excellent catalytic stability and high selectivity to CO_(2) in the presence and absence of water vapor for the catalytic combustion of toluene for a long term.
