Landslide susceptibility evaluation at regional scale is commonly performed based dominantly on the analysis of geological and geomorphological conditions of historical landslide cases. The main content of this type o...Landslide susceptibility evaluation at regional scale is commonly performed based dominantly on the analysis of geological and geomorphological conditions of historical landslide cases. The main content of this type of evaluation covers identifying key casual factors, their critical groupings and relative importance. The present study demonstrates an application of the above concept to a 90 km long segment of Jinsbajiang River valley in China. Correlations of landslide occurrence with potential causative factors are derived according to interpretation of field investigation. Lithology, orientation of bedding planes, slope angle, stream action, rainfall and earthquake intensity are selectively recognized as identifiable/measurable causative factors to establish a factor domain. The membership grades, for field values of quantitative factors, to the susceptibility classes are determined based on the construction of fuzzy sets, while those for descriptive factors are assigned from a fuzzy score table. The analytic hierarchy process （AHP） is adopted for assigning weights to each individual factor. Subsequently, the evaluation is implemented in a GIS program IDRISI, where four classes of landslide susceptibility are identified and delineated in the subject area. The approach described in the present paper showed consistence with the nature and availability of data for evaluating landslide susceptibility at regional scale. The methodology presented can be effectively employed by relevant authorities to identify risky areas for dislocating major infrastructural project, and develop management strategies for land use.展开更多
Evaluating the seismic site effect by the ambient noise based horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio(HVSR)method is strongly affected by the spatial and temporal variations of the ambient noise sources.Therefore,it is ...Evaluating the seismic site effect by the ambient noise based horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio(HVSR)method is strongly affected by the spatial and temporal variations of the ambient noise sources.Therefore,it is necessary to locate the source regions of ambient noise and investigate the relationships between the source energy and HVSR values at the predominant frequency(HVSRf_(0))of the site.The generation mechanisms of the single-and double-frequency microseisms(SFMs,0.05-0.085 Hz and DFMs,0.1-0.5 Hz)in ambient noise are better understood than the noise in other frequency bands and they are dominantly composed of fundamental Rayleigh(Rg)waves.With this advantage,the recordings of SFMs and DFMs at 30 stations in the east coast region of the United States are used to demonstrate a study on locating their source regions with reasonable certainty and constructing the functional relationship between the HVSRf_(0) and the source energy of SFMs and DFMs.The recordings are processed in four sub-frequency bands(Fs)of SF and DF bands and a polarization analysis is carried out to select the ellipsoids approximating the particle motions of Rg waves.Then the probability density functions of the back azimuths of the ellipsoids’semi-major axes are computed for each F and station,and are projected on the ocean to determine their possible source regions.These regions are further constrained by(1)the correlation coefficients between the SFMs and the WAVEWATCHⅢ(WWⅢ)hindcasts of ocean wave spectra in the SF band,or between the DFMs and the modeled DF energy on ocean surface in the selected time windows in the DF band,(2)the energy contribution defined by(i)the average WWⅢocean wave energy and the ocean bottom topographical gradient in the SF band,or(ii)the average modeled DF energy on ocean surface and a frequency and water depth dependent coefficient measuring the conversion efficiency of DF energy from water to solid earth in the DF band,and(3)the percentile retained energy of Rg waves in both the SF and DF bands.Results of source regions reveal that(1)the SFMs recorded in eastern US result from the interactions of low frequency(0.05-0.085 Hz)ocean waves with the continental slope and shelf of western North Atlantic Ocean;(2)the source regions for long-(0.1-0.2 Hz)period DFMs are located in the deep ocean close to the continental slope;and(3)the short-(0.2–0.5 Hz)period DFMs are generated in the continental shelf.Finally,the correlation analyses between the simulated source energy and the HVSRf_(0) values at the stations whose f_(0) s fall in DF band are carried out revealing significant source effect on thick sediments at low frequencies.展开更多
This study presents a systematic analysis of double-frequency(DF) microseisms recorded on the unconsolidated sediments in the eastern and southeastern coasts of United States. For all recordings, the site effect param...This study presents a systematic analysis of double-frequency(DF) microseisms recorded on the unconsolidated sediments in the eastern and southeastern coasts of United States. For all recordings, the site effect parameters(predominant frequency(f_(0)), amplification factor and unconsolidated sediment thickness(UST)) are obtained by Nakamura method and the DF spectra are classified into five groups in terms of the DF peak patterns and the recording locations relative to the coastline. The frequencies and energy levels of the DF peaks in horizontal direction and the amplification factors are associated with the UST which is resulted from seismic site effect. By polarization analysis, the primary vibration directions of the DF peaks are identified and presented as great circles passing through the recording stations intersecting mainly along the continental slope. Correlation analyses of time histories of the DF energy and the ocean wave climate observed at buoys show that the low(<0.2 Hz) and high(>0.2 Hz) frequency DF microseisms are generated in the deep ocean and the continental shelf respectively. It is concluded that the continental slope plays a significant role in the generation of DF microseisms as it causes reflection of waves from the open ocean, initiating standing waves.展开更多
基金partially supported by Major State Basic Research Development Program(Grant No. 2011BAK12B03)Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education(Project No.211156)+1 种基金Opening Fund of State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection(Chengdu University of Technology)(Grant No.SKLGP2012K034)Opening Fund of Key Laboratory of Karst Environment and Geohazard Prevention,Ministry of Education(Guizhou University)(Grant No.2011-K01)
文摘Landslide susceptibility evaluation at regional scale is commonly performed based dominantly on the analysis of geological and geomorphological conditions of historical landslide cases. The main content of this type of evaluation covers identifying key casual factors, their critical groupings and relative importance. The present study demonstrates an application of the above concept to a 90 km long segment of Jinsbajiang River valley in China. Correlations of landslide occurrence with potential causative factors are derived according to interpretation of field investigation. Lithology, orientation of bedding planes, slope angle, stream action, rainfall and earthquake intensity are selectively recognized as identifiable/measurable causative factors to establish a factor domain. The membership grades, for field values of quantitative factors, to the susceptibility classes are determined based on the construction of fuzzy sets, while those for descriptive factors are assigned from a fuzzy score table. The analytic hierarchy process （AHP） is adopted for assigning weights to each individual factor. Subsequently, the evaluation is implemented in a GIS program IDRISI, where four classes of landslide susceptibility are identified and delineated in the subject area. The approach described in the present paper showed consistence with the nature and availability of data for evaluating landslide susceptibility at regional scale. The methodology presented can be effectively employed by relevant authorities to identify risky areas for dislocating major infrastructural project, and develop management strategies for land use.
文摘Evaluating the seismic site effect by the ambient noise based horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio(HVSR)method is strongly affected by the spatial and temporal variations of the ambient noise sources.Therefore,it is necessary to locate the source regions of ambient noise and investigate the relationships between the source energy and HVSR values at the predominant frequency(HVSRf_(0))of the site.The generation mechanisms of the single-and double-frequency microseisms(SFMs,0.05-0.085 Hz and DFMs,0.1-0.5 Hz)in ambient noise are better understood than the noise in other frequency bands and they are dominantly composed of fundamental Rayleigh(Rg)waves.With this advantage,the recordings of SFMs and DFMs at 30 stations in the east coast region of the United States are used to demonstrate a study on locating their source regions with reasonable certainty and constructing the functional relationship between the HVSRf_(0) and the source energy of SFMs and DFMs.The recordings are processed in four sub-frequency bands(Fs)of SF and DF bands and a polarization analysis is carried out to select the ellipsoids approximating the particle motions of Rg waves.Then the probability density functions of the back azimuths of the ellipsoids’semi-major axes are computed for each F and station,and are projected on the ocean to determine their possible source regions.These regions are further constrained by(1)the correlation coefficients between the SFMs and the WAVEWATCHⅢ(WWⅢ)hindcasts of ocean wave spectra in the SF band,or between the DFMs and the modeled DF energy on ocean surface in the selected time windows in the DF band,(2)the energy contribution defined by(i)the average WWⅢocean wave energy and the ocean bottom topographical gradient in the SF band,or(ii)the average modeled DF energy on ocean surface and a frequency and water depth dependent coefficient measuring the conversion efficiency of DF energy from water to solid earth in the DF band,and(3)the percentile retained energy of Rg waves in both the SF and DF bands.Results of source regions reveal that(1)the SFMs recorded in eastern US result from the interactions of low frequency(0.05-0.085 Hz)ocean waves with the continental slope and shelf of western North Atlantic Ocean;(2)the source regions for long-(0.1-0.2 Hz)period DFMs are located in the deep ocean close to the continental slope;and(3)the short-(0.2–0.5 Hz)period DFMs are generated in the continental shelf.Finally,the correlation analyses between the simulated source energy and the HVSRf_(0) values at the stations whose f_(0) s fall in DF band are carried out revealing significant source effect on thick sediments at low frequencies.
文摘This study presents a systematic analysis of double-frequency(DF) microseisms recorded on the unconsolidated sediments in the eastern and southeastern coasts of United States. For all recordings, the site effect parameters(predominant frequency(f_(0)), amplification factor and unconsolidated sediment thickness(UST)) are obtained by Nakamura method and the DF spectra are classified into five groups in terms of the DF peak patterns and the recording locations relative to the coastline. The frequencies and energy levels of the DF peaks in horizontal direction and the amplification factors are associated with the UST which is resulted from seismic site effect. By polarization analysis, the primary vibration directions of the DF peaks are identified and presented as great circles passing through the recording stations intersecting mainly along the continental slope. Correlation analyses of time histories of the DF energy and the ocean wave climate observed at buoys show that the low(<0.2 Hz) and high(>0.2 Hz) frequency DF microseisms are generated in the deep ocean and the continental shelf respectively. It is concluded that the continental slope plays a significant role in the generation of DF microseisms as it causes reflection of waves from the open ocean, initiating standing waves.
