A Distributionally Robust Optimization Scheduling Model for Regional Integrated Energy Systems Considering Hot Dry Rock Co-Generation

Hot dry rock(HDR)is rich in reserve,widely distributed,green,low-carbon,and has broad development potential and prospects.In this paper,a distributionally robust optimization(DRO)scheduling model for a regionally integrated energy system(RIES)considering HDR co-generation is proposed.First,the HDR-enhanced geothermal system(HDR-EGS)is introduced into the RIES.HDR-EGS realizes the thermoelectric decoupling of combined heat and power(CHP)through coordinated operation with the regional power grid and the regional heat grid,which enhances the system wind power(WP)feed-in space.Secondly,peak-hour loads are shifted using price demand response guidance in the context of time-of-day pricing.Finally,the optimization objective is established to minimize the total cost in the RIES scheduling cycle and construct a DRO scheduling model for RIES with HDR-EGS.By simulating a real small-scale RIES,the results show that HDR-EGS can effectively promote WP consumption and reduce the operating cost of the system.

Improving the Energy Efficiency of Cyclone Dust Collectors for Wood Product Factories

Dust collection systems represent a significant portion of a wood product manufacturer’s total electricity use. The system fan works against the static pressure of the entire system—the blast gates, the ductwork, and the upstream or downstream cyclone and/or baghouse. A poor system design (e.g., sharp elbows or undersized ductwork) increases the total amount of static pressure in the system, the fan’s performance curve shifts, increasing the total brake horsepower required by the fan (up to the maximum point on the curve). Additionally, system designers may oversize a dust collection system to ensure adequate dust capture and transport, either to accommodate system expansion or simply to be conservative. Since theoretical fan energy use increases with its velocity cubed, this can be an expensive safety net. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review about industrial cyclone dust collectors energy saving in relation to management, technologies, and policies. Energy-saving technologies like high-efficiency motors (HEMs), variable-speed drives (VSDs), leak detection, and pressure drop reduction have all been examined. Based on energy saving technologies results, it has been found that in the industrial sectors, a sizeable amount of electric energy, and utility bill can be saved using these technologies. Finally, various energy-saving policies were reviewed.

Eco-Friendly Selection of Diesel Generator Based on Genset-Synchro Technology for Off-Grid Remote Area Application in the North of Quebec

For most of their energy requirements, greater part of remote communities and small islands around the world rely on imported fossil fuels. The economical cost of energy is therefore very high not only due to inherent cost of fuel, but also due to transportation and due to maintenance costs. One solution for saving fuel in a diesel generator is to allow the engine to operate directly in relation to the request for electrical load at variable speeds. Genset-Synchro Technology has developed an innovative variable speed?generator technology (patent pending) that allows applications where power demand varies widely to benefit from the new technology that maintains constant voltage and frequency while adjusting the generator stator speed to power demand. This paper will present an innovative approach for optimizing the energy production based from the fact that the structure that contains the stator windings of the generator is mounted on roller bearings, which allows its free rotation around the axis of the rotor, consequently stopping the stator structure from being static and aims to minimize the unit cost of electricity. Case study on application in remote area in the north of Quebec is described. A saving of 7%?-?9% on fuel consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) under low winter ambient temperatures has been registered.

A Review and Economic Analysis of Different Emission Reduction Techniques for Marine Diesel Engines

The maritime industry is currently facing the challenges of adopting new technologies and operational practices with stricter international, national and local rules in order to reduce exhaust gas emissions from ships. The most objective of regulations introduced and presented by the Worldwide Sea Organization such as International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is to lessen the commitment shipping makes to worldwide and local discharges. This paper analyzes emissions from marine engines and the process of waste exhaust gas formation and provides a summary of the emission reduction technologies to satisfy MARPOL NOx tier III and EPA tier IV rules. The results showed the possibility of achieving a valuable emission reduction percentage if future diesel engines are equipped with pre-treatment, internal-treatment and/or post-treatment techniques. Economics impact for medium and low speed for category 3 marine diesel engines is also presented.

Biomass Cogeneration Technologies: A Review

Currently, fossil fuels such as oil, coal and natural gas represent the prime energy sources in the world. However, it is anticipated that these sources of energy will deplete within the next 40 - 50 years. Moreover, the expected environmental damages such as the global warming, acid rain and urban smog due to the production of emissions from these sources have tempted the world to try to reduce carbon emissions by 80% and shift towards utilizing a variety of renewable energy resources (RES) which are less environmentally harmful such as solar, wind, biomass, etc. in a sustainable way. Biomass is one of the earliest sources of energy with very specific properties. In this review, we present the different cogeneration systems to provide electrical power and heating for isolated communities. It has been found that the steam turbine process is the most relevant for biomass cogeneration plants for its high efficiency and technological maturity. The future of CHP plants depends upon the development of the markets for fossil fuels and on policy decisions regarding the biomass market.

Performance Optimization of Diesel Generators Using Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator with Rotating Stator

One of the solutions to reduce fuel consumption of diesel generators (DG) is to adapt the rotational speed to mechanical torque of the crankshaft. When load power decreases, a reduction in both mechanical torque and rotational speed of the diesel engine will maintain the combustion efficiency near the levels of the nominal regime. Accordingly, the generator itself should operate at a variable speed which normally requires power electronics converters. In this paper, we are exploring a new generator concept that uses a stator rotating in opposite direction to the rotor such as the relative velocity between the two components remains constant when diesel engine slows down. The stator itself is driven by a compensator synchronous motor (CM) such as the relative velocity of the rotor is constant, eliminating as such sophisticated power electronics. The model developed for the synchronous machine with a rotating stator is based on Park’s transformation. This new concept was modelled using MATLAB software. Experimental analysis has been conducted using a 500-kW diesel GENSET equipped with a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). The numerical and experimental results are in good agreement and demonstrate that fuel consumption is reduced with a rotating-mode stator for PMSG during low electrical loads.

Biomass Combined Heat and Power Generation for Anticosti Island: A Case Study

Combined heat and power (CHP) plants (co-generation plants) using biomass as fuel, can be an interesting alternative to the predominant electrical heating in Canada. The biomass-fueled boiler provides heat for the steam cycle which in turn generates electricity from the generator connected to the steam turbine. In addition, heat from the process is supplied to a district heating system. The heat can be extracted from the system in a number of ways, by using a back-pressure steam turbine, an extraction steam turbine or by extracting heat directly from the boiler. The objective of the paper is the design, modeling and simulation of such CHP plant. The plant should be sized for providing electric-ity and heat for the Anticosti Island community in Quebec.

A Review and Comparison on Recent Optimization Methodologies for Diesel Engines and Diesel Power Generators

The electrical instability that frequently distinguishes the isolated networks and depends on diesel generators to supply their energy requirements leads to an operation of the diesel generator in a transient dynamic condition and/or at low loads. In addition, extended operation of the diesel generator at partial load develops the condensation of combustion residues on the engine cylinder walls, which, after a certain time, increases friction, reduces the efficiency of the equipment and increases its fuel consumption. On the other hand, recent regulatory changes have led to ever more stringent and evolving emission standards. Among these, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have implemented emission standards in order to reduce exhaust gas emitted by marine diesel engines. To phase lower emission engines as soon as possible, a Tier system was adopted. This paper presents a literature review of existing technologies available to optimize the energy performance of diesel engines and diesel generators in order to reduce the cost of electricity, to increase the diesel engine efficiency and to decrease their fuel consumption and greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. The proposed optimization methodologies are based on the application of Pre-treatment, Internal treatment and Post-treatment technologies for diesel engines and on the application of mechanical and electrical technologies for diesel power generators (DPGs). The list of references given at the end of the paper should offer aids for students and researchers working in this field.

Supercharging of Diesel Engine with Compressed Air: Experimental Investigation on Greenhouse Gases and Performance for a Hybrid Wind-Diesel System

Supercharging is the process of supplying air for combustion at a pressure greater than that achieved by natural or atmospheric induction, as applied to internal combustion engines. As a consequence of demonstrated technological, economical and energetic advantages in multiple literature evaluations concerning the large scale wind-compressed air hybrid storage system with gas turbines, the utilization of a hybrid wind-diesel system with compressed air storage (HWDCAS) has been frequently explored. These will mainly have average or small scale application such as the powering of isolated sites. It has been proven in numerous studies that the HWDCAS combined with an additional supercharging of the diesel engines will contribute to the increase of the power and efficiency of the diesel engine, the reduction of both fuel consumption and the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG). This article presents the obtained results from experimental validation of the selected design with an aim to valorize this innovative solution and become trustworthy.

Advanced wind turbine blade inspection with hyperspectral imaging and 3D convolutional neural networks for damage detection

In the context of global efforts to mitigate climate change by pursuing sustainable energy sources, wind energy has emerged as a critical contributor. However, the wind energy industry faces substantial challenges in maintaining and preserving the integrity of wind turbine blades. Timely and accurate detection and classification of blade faults, encompassing issues such as cracks, erosion, and ice buildup, are imperative to uphold wind turbines' ongoing efficiency and safety. This study introduces an inventive approach that amalgamates hyperspectral imaging and 3D Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to augment the precision and efficiency of wind turbine blade fault detection and classification. Hyperspectral imaging is harnessed to capture comprehensive spectral information from blade surfaces, facilitating exact fault identification. The process is streamlined through Incremental Principal Component Analysis (IPCA), reducing data dimensions while maintaining integrity. The 3D CNN model demonstrates remarkable performance, achieving high accuracy in detecting all fault categories in full-band hyperspectral images. The model retains high accuracy even with dimensionality reduction to 20 spectral bands. The reduced processing time of the 20-band image enhances the practicality of real-world applications, thereby reducing downtime and maintenance expenditures. This research represents a significant advancement in wind turbine blade inspection, contributing to the sustainability and dependability of wind energy systems and furthering the cause of a cleaner and more sustainable energy future as part of the broader fight against climate change.