High Protein Diet that Cause Weight Loss and Lower Blood Glucose Level Have a Serious Impact on the Kidney Functions of Male Diabetic Obese Albino Rats

Background: High protein (HP) diets are increasingly being recommended as one of the management strategies for weight control in overweight and obese individuals. The health benefits of high protein diets are well-established, but the mechanisms of action on body systems responsible for the changes in body weight and glycaemic control are not well-clear. Objective: The present study aimed to examine the effect of HP diets on the kidney functions of diabetic obese albino rats. Material and Methods: Eighty male adult male albino rats were used in this study. The animals were divided into eight equal groups (10 rats for each). Type 2 DM and obesity were induced. At the end of the 12 weeks, samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Results: The high protein diet led to significant decrease in BW, FI, BG, TC, LDL, TG, Lactate dehydrogenase, albumin, urine pH and urine citrate;while serum insulin, HDL, urea, creatinine, total protein, urine volume and urinary excretion of Ca were significantly higher in high protein diet groups. Conclusion: A high protein intake in diabetic obese albino rats for 12 weeks led to changes in the serum and urine levels of markers of renal function which indicated abnormalities in the functions of the kidney.

Effect of Green Coffee on Cisplatin Induced Renal Apoptosis in Adult Male Albino Rats

Background: Green coffee as a functional food has an antioxidant effect, which can reduce the cancer incidence, promote weight-loss and improve glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Objective: Assessing the effect of green coffee administration on experimental cisplatin induced renal apoptosis in adult male albino rats of local strain. Design: Randomized Block Design was used. Materials and Methods: Forty adult male albino rats of local strain were randomly divided into four groups of 10 animals each. G1: control negative group was received isotonic saline (0.5 ml, i.p.) for 30 consecutive days, G2: sham operated group mice were received green coffee extract in water (40 mg/kg/day) for 30 consecutive days, animals of G3 and G4 were administered cisplatin (8 mg/kg/day, i.p.) at 10th day, which is well known to produce significant nephrotoxicity in rats. Animals in G3 were received green coffee extract in water (40 mg/kg/day) and G4 was received isotonic normal saline (0.5 ml, i.p.) for 30 consecutive days. All rats were sacrificed after 30 days and blood was withdrawn for biochemical examinations of kidney function tests (blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and uric acid). Kidneys were removed for determination of renal oxidative stress markers (H2O2) biochemically and caspase-3 by Immunohistochemical examination. Results: Cisplatin administration was associated with significant higher levels of BUN, creatinine, uric acid and H2O2 as compared with normal control group. Green coffee administration in cisplatin-induced renal apoptosis groups produced significant lower levels of BUN, creatinine, uric acid and H2O2 (24.4 ± 4.14, 1.730 ± 0.2830, 5.50 ± 0.850 and 0.51 ± 0.12 respectively) as compared with cisplatin-induced renal apoptosis group not administrated green coffee (27.4 ± 6, 2.04 ± .31, 7.00 ± 1.25 and 1.1 ± 0.16 respectively). Cisplatin administration increased expression of the apoptotic protein caspase-3. In contrast, treatment with green coffee extract attenuated apoptosis. Conclusion: green coffee reduced cisplatin-induced renal apoptosis. Green coffee improved the general condition of cisplatin-induced renal apoptosis rats due to its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects.

Multi-period Power System State Estimation with PMUs Under GPS Spoofing Attacks

This paper introduces a dynamic network model together with a phasor measurement unit(PMU)measurement model suitable for power system state estimation under spoofing attacks on the global positioning system(GPS)receivers of PMUs.The spoofing attacks may introduce time-varying phase offsets in the affected PMU measurements.An algorithm is developed to jointly estimate the state of the network,which amounts to the nodal voltages in rectangular coordinates,as well as the time-varying attacks.The algorithm features closedform updates.The effectiveness of the algorithm is verified on the standard IEEE transmission networks.It is numerically shown that the estimation performance is improved when the dynamic network model is accounted for compared with a previously reported static approach.