Advances in nanomaterials for the diagnosis and treatment of head and neck cancers:A review

Nanomaterials(NMs)have increasingly been used for the diagnosis and treatment of head and neck cancers(HNCs)over the past decade.HNCs can easily infiltrate surrounding tissues and form distant metastases,meaning that most patients with HNC are diagnosed at an advanced stage and often have a poor prognosis.Since NMs can be used to deliver various agents,including imaging agents,drugs,genes,vaccines,radiosensitisers,and photosensitisers,they play a crucial role in the development of novel technologies for the diagnosis and treatment of HNCs.Indeed,NMs have been reported to enhance delivery efficiency and improve the prognosis of patients with HNC by allowing targeted delivery,controlled release,responses to stimuli,and the delivery of multiple agents.In this review,we consider recent advances in NMs that could be used to improve the diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of patients with HNC and the potential for future research.

Fatigue resistance of ProTaper gold exposed to high-concentration sodium hypochlorite in double curvature artificial canal

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the fatigue resistance of ProTaper Gold(PTG)and ProTaper Universal(PTU)in artificial single and double curvature canals in 5%sodium hypochlorite(NaOCl)at body temperature(37℃).PTG and PTU files(size F1)were subjected to fatigue tests in two different artificial ceramic canals.The single curvature model had a 60°curvature angle with a 5mm radius.The double curvature model had a 60°curvature angle with a 5mm radius and a second 30°curvature with a 2mm radius.A file segment was introduced into the artificial canal and immersed in water or 5%NaOCl at 37℃.The total number of cycles to fracture(NCF)was recorded.Data were analyzed using t-test and linear regression analysis.The NCF of all files was significantly influenced by the type of NiTi metal alloy(P<.01),canal curvatures(P<.01),and the environmental conditions(P<.05).PTG had higher fatigue resistance than PTU files in both single and double curvature canals(P<.05).The NCF of PTU files in 5%NaOCl was shorter than that in water(P<.05).The mean length of broken PTG was significantly shorter than those of PTU files in both single and double curvature canals(P<.01).The fatigue performance of PTG is better than that of PTU in both single and double curvature.Environmental conditions may affect the fatigue behavior of PTU files with single curvature.