Lignin-assisted construction of sub-10 nm supramolecular self-assembly for photothermal immunotherapy and potentiating anti-PD-1 therapy against primary and distant breast tumors

Photothermal therapy(PTT)has brought hope for cancer treatments,with hyperthermia-induced immunogenic cell death(ICD),which is a critical part of therapeutically induced antitumor immune responses.Limited immune stimulation response in PTT is the primary reason for incomplete tumor ablation,therefore demonstrating urgent requirements for ICD amplifier.Herein,a sub-10 nm supramolecular nanoassembly was formed by coassembly of clinically approved aluminum adjuvant and commonly used indocyanine green(ICG)under the assistance of lignosulfonate(LS,a green and sustainable multifunctional lignin derivative)for localized photothermal-immunotherapy of breast cancer.The overall results revealed that LS-Al-ICG is capable of inducing amplified ICD,efficiently eliciting solid immune responses through dendritic cells(DCs)activation and cytotoxic T-cell responses initiation for tumor killing.Moreover,anti-PD-1 therapy blocked the PD-1 pathway and led to remarkable anti-tumor efficacy against laser-irradiated primary tumors and distant tumors by potentiating systemic tumor specific T cell immunity.The results of this study demonstrate a handy and extensible approach for engineering green natural lignin nanoparticles for cancer immunotherapy,which shows promise for delivering other therapeutics in biomedical applications.

Recent advances on catalysts for preferential oxidation of CO

The trace amount of CO in H2-rich gas poisons Pt electrode when it is adopted as feedstock for proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells.Preferential oxidation of CO(PROX)is a promising approach to selectively oxidize the trace amount of CO while keeping H2 unoxidized.Catalyst plays important roles in PROX.To date,enormous catalysts have been developed for PROX.Summarizing the catalysts developed for PROX and unveiling the reaction mechanism could definitely advance this research field.Herein,in this review,according to the nature of the active sites on the catalysts,we classify the catalysts into group VIII metal-based catalyst,group IB metal-based catalysts,group VIII-group IB bimetallic catalysts,transitional metal oxide catalysts as well as others,describe the progress of the catalysts in PROX in the latest five years,and extract the underlying reaction mechanism,with the aim to provide guidance for the rational design of efficient catalysts in the future.