The Application of Acidic Electrolyzed Water to Grape Cultivation in the Southern Regions

Experimental studies have shown that AEW( Acidic Electrolyzed Water) plays a strong role in killing grape virus,and it has instantaneous,broad-spectrum,efficient,safe and non-residual fungicidal properties. The results show that spraying AEW,and spraying alkaline electrolyzed water first and then AEW,can play a good role in controlling the virus damage of grape downy mildew,Botrytis cinerea,anthracnose,grape Alternaria spot,and anthrachose of grape,with foliar control effect of 93. 5%,96. 2%,93. 20%,100% and 87. 9%,respectively,and ear control effect of 88%,92%,84%,84% and 72%,respectively. AEW can replace pesticide,and can promote the average grape weight and sugar degree.

RLINl,encoding a putative coproporphyrinogen Ⅲ oxidase,is involved in lesion initiation in rice

Lesion mimic is necrotic lesions on plant leaf or stem in the absence of pathogenic infection, and its exact biological mechanism is varied. By a large-scale screening of our T-DNA mutant population, we identified a mutant rice lesion initiation 1 （rlin1）, which was controlled by a single nuclear recessive gene. Map-based cloning revealed that RLIN1 encoded a putative coproporphyrinogen Ⅲ oxidase in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis pathway. Sequencing results showed that a G to T substitution occurred in the second exon of RLIN1 and led to a missense mutation from Asp to Tyr. Ectopic expression of RLIN1 could rescue rlin1 lesion mimic phenotype. Histochemical analysis demonstrated that lesion formation in rlin1 was light-dependent accompanied by reactive oxygen species accumulated. These results suggest that tetrapyrrole participates in lesion formation in rice.

H_2O_2-induced Leaf Cell Death and the Crosstalk of Reactive Nitric/Oxygen Species

In plants, the chloroplast is the main reactive oxygen species （ROS） producing site under high light stress. Catalase （CAT）, which decomposes hydrogen peroxide （H2O2）, is one of the controlling enzymes that maintains leaf redox homeostasis. The catalase mutants with reduced leaf catalase activity from different plant species exhibit an H2O2-induced leaf cell death phenotype. This phenotype was differently affected by light intensity or photoperiod, which may be caused by plant species, leaf redox status or growth conditions. In the rice CAT mutant nitric oxide excess 1 （noe1）, higher H2O2 levels induced the generation of nitric oxide （NO） and higher S-nitrosothiol （SNO） levels, suggesting that NO acts as an important endogenous mediator in H2O2-induced leaf cell death. As a free radical, NO could also react with other intracellular and extracellular targets and form a series of related molecules, collectively called reactive nitrogen species （RNS）. Recent studies have revealed that both RNS and ROS are important partners in plant leaf cell death. Here, we summarize the recent progress on H2O2-induced leaf cell death and the crosstalk of RNS and ROS signals in the plant hypersensitive response （HR）, leaf senescence, and other forms of leaf cell death triggered by diverse environmental conditions.