1. Introduction Tokyo, one of the largest cities in the world, is the capital of Japan, a heavily earthquake-prone country. The Japanese population and much of its functionality are highly concentrated in Tokyo. The e...1. Introduction Tokyo, one of the largest cities in the world, is the capital of Japan, a heavily earthquake-prone country. The Japanese population and much of its functionality are highly concentrated in Tokyo. The estimated damage to Tokyo as a result of future large earthquakes with a magnitude greater than the Japanese scale 7 is extremely high. The number of casualties could exceed 20 000 due to both the shaking itself and post-earthquake fires.展开更多
In modern society, the population, wealth and social functions are increasingly concentrated in a few large cities. Such concentration brings about efficiency while at the same time it increases the vulnerability of t...In modern society, the population, wealth and social functions are increasingly concentrated in a few large cities. Such concentration brings about efficiency while at the same time it increases the vulnerability of the society. To address this issue, the Science Council of Japan（SCJ） published a proposal entitled ＂Shape Cities and Societies Safer against Severe Earthquakes＂. It makes a variety of suggestions for enhancing the seismic resilience of large cities, including：（1） comprehensive thinking based on the latest scientific knowledge and rich imagination;（2） selection of sites suitable for residence and social activities;（3） introducing the urban seismic coefficient;（4） promoting the enhancement of the seismic performance of buildings and civil structures;（5） easing the concentration of population and functions;（6） building communities that enable shelter and escape;（7） resilient technology of information and communication system and its effective utilization;（8） preparation and implementation of emergency response after earthquakes;（9） development and application of new structural seismic technology;（10） learning from domestic and foreign earthquake disasters and launching of international cooperation and knowledge sharing and（11） taking actions from a multidisciplinary perspective. The proposal is introduced in this paper.展开更多
Background: After the March 2011 “triple” disaster in Japan, the residents of Fukushima Prefecture suffered from serious psychological stress. Aims: This study aimed to elucidate the influence of stressful condition...Background: After the March 2011 “triple” disaster in Japan, the residents of Fukushima Prefecture suffered from serious psychological stress. Aims: This study aimed to elucidate the influence of stressful conditions on psychiatric disorders, as reflected in new psychiatric admissions. Methods: Diagnoses and background conditions among new psychiatric admissions during the 3 months immediately after the disaster in 2011 and the corresponding time periods of 2010 and 2012 were surveyed. Results: In 2011, more patients were admitted in confusional, manic, neurasthenic, and delirious states, whereas there were fewer admissions for depression. In 2012, more admissions pertained to depression. Twenty-four percent of the new admissions in 2011 were associated with concerns about radiation contamination and hospitalization, which declined to 4% in 2012. Conclusions: The diagnoses and background conditions among new psychiatric admissions were affected by the disaster;with the influence differing according to the time elapsed after the disaster.展开更多
Aims: We focused on DNA methylation of the promoter regions of the Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) A and B genes from postmortem brains of subjects with schizophrenia. Methods: We determined levels of DNA methylation using ge...Aims: We focused on DNA methylation of the promoter regions of the Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) A and B genes from postmortem brains of subjects with schizophrenia. Methods: We determined levels of DNA methylation using genomic DNA samples purified from four brain areas: prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, occipital cortex and nucleus accumbens (NAc), by a bisulfite sequencing method from seven normal subjects and six subjects with schizophrenia. Results: Although very few methylated CpGs of the MAOA and MAOB genes were detected in male samples, various DNA methylation patterns were present in female samples, and some differences were found in such patterns between normal subjects and subjects with schizophrenia. In the PFC, the average level of methylation of both genes was significantly higher in subjects with schizophrenia than in normal subjects. The content of highly methylated alleles of the MAOA gene in the NAc was significantly associated with schizophrenia, with similar results obtained for the MAOB gene in both the NAc and PFC. Some CpG sites showed higher levels of methylation in schizophrenia than in normal subjects. Conclusions: Levels of methylation were quite high in NAc and PFC in female subjects with schizophrenia compared with those in female normal subjects.展开更多
A retrofit of an existing ll-story steel reinforced concrete frame that features the innovative use of post-tensioned rocking walls and shear steel dampers is presented.The main components of the retrofitting plan and...A retrofit of an existing ll-story steel reinforced concrete frame that features the innovative use of post-tensioned rocking walls and shear steel dampers is presented.The main components of the retrofitting plan and important design considerations are described.The.retrofitting system is expected to effectively control the deformation pattern of the existing structure and significantly reduce damage to the existing structure during major earthquakes.展开更多
A novel fused taper 1×4 coupler for full-band operation is proposed. Wavelength flattened characteristics and excellent branching uniformity less than 0.4 dB have been achieved in wavelength range from 1200 nm to...A novel fused taper 1×4 coupler for full-band operation is proposed. Wavelength flattened characteristics and excellent branching uniformity less than 0.4 dB have been achieved in wavelength range from 1200 nm to 1700 nm.展开更多
The trends of fiber-based optical component technologies are reviewed focusing on fused-taper couplers and fiber Bragg gratings for high bit-rate DWDM transmission systems.
文摘1. Introduction Tokyo, one of the largest cities in the world, is the capital of Japan, a heavily earthquake-prone country. The Japanese population and much of its functionality are highly concentrated in Tokyo. The estimated damage to Tokyo as a result of future large earthquakes with a magnitude greater than the Japanese scale 7 is extremely high. The number of casualties could exceed 20 000 due to both the shaking itself and post-earthquake fires.
基金Scientific Research Fund of Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration under Grant No.2016A05
文摘In modern society, the population, wealth and social functions are increasingly concentrated in a few large cities. Such concentration brings about efficiency while at the same time it increases the vulnerability of the society. To address this issue, the Science Council of Japan（SCJ） published a proposal entitled ＂Shape Cities and Societies Safer against Severe Earthquakes＂. It makes a variety of suggestions for enhancing the seismic resilience of large cities, including：（1） comprehensive thinking based on the latest scientific knowledge and rich imagination;（2） selection of sites suitable for residence and social activities;（3） introducing the urban seismic coefficient;（4） promoting the enhancement of the seismic performance of buildings and civil structures;（5） easing the concentration of population and functions;（6） building communities that enable shelter and escape;（7） resilient technology of information and communication system and its effective utilization;（8） preparation and implementation of emergency response after earthquakes;（9） development and application of new structural seismic technology;（10） learning from domestic and foreign earthquake disasters and launching of international cooperation and knowledge sharing and（11） taking actions from a multidisciplinary perspective. The proposal is introduced in this paper.
文摘Background: After the March 2011 “triple” disaster in Japan, the residents of Fukushima Prefecture suffered from serious psychological stress. Aims: This study aimed to elucidate the influence of stressful conditions on psychiatric disorders, as reflected in new psychiatric admissions. Methods: Diagnoses and background conditions among new psychiatric admissions during the 3 months immediately after the disaster in 2011 and the corresponding time periods of 2010 and 2012 were surveyed. Results: In 2011, more patients were admitted in confusional, manic, neurasthenic, and delirious states, whereas there were fewer admissions for depression. In 2012, more admissions pertained to depression. Twenty-four percent of the new admissions in 2011 were associated with concerns about radiation contamination and hospitalization, which declined to 4% in 2012. Conclusions: The diagnoses and background conditions among new psychiatric admissions were affected by the disaster;with the influence differing according to the time elapsed after the disaster.
文摘Aims: We focused on DNA methylation of the promoter regions of the Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) A and B genes from postmortem brains of subjects with schizophrenia. Methods: We determined levels of DNA methylation using genomic DNA samples purified from four brain areas: prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, occipital cortex and nucleus accumbens (NAc), by a bisulfite sequencing method from seven normal subjects and six subjects with schizophrenia. Results: Although very few methylated CpGs of the MAOA and MAOB genes were detected in male samples, various DNA methylation patterns were present in female samples, and some differences were found in such patterns between normal subjects and subjects with schizophrenia. In the PFC, the average level of methylation of both genes was significantly higher in subjects with schizophrenia than in normal subjects. The content of highly methylated alleles of the MAOA gene in the NAc was significantly associated with schizophrenia, with similar results obtained for the MAOB gene in both the NAc and PFC. Some CpG sites showed higher levels of methylation in schizophrenia than in normal subjects. Conclusions: Levels of methylation were quite high in NAc and PFC in female subjects with schizophrenia compared with those in female normal subjects.
文摘A retrofit of an existing ll-story steel reinforced concrete frame that features the innovative use of post-tensioned rocking walls and shear steel dampers is presented.The main components of the retrofitting plan and important design considerations are described.The.retrofitting system is expected to effectively control the deformation pattern of the existing structure and significantly reduce damage to the existing structure during major earthquakes.
文摘A novel fused taper 1×4 coupler for full-band operation is proposed. Wavelength flattened characteristics and excellent branching uniformity less than 0.4 dB have been achieved in wavelength range from 1200 nm to 1700 nm.
文摘The trends of fiber-based optical component technologies are reviewed focusing on fused-taper couplers and fiber Bragg gratings for high bit-rate DWDM transmission systems.
