Ancient subduction zones are characterized by metamorphic and orogenic belts. The Zagros Orogenic Belt comprises almost all sections of an ancient subduction zone along which Neo-Tethyan oceanic crust was subducted be...Ancient subduction zones are characterized by metamorphic and orogenic belts. The Zagros Orogenic Belt comprises almost all sections of an ancient subduction zone along which Neo-Tethyan oceanic crust was subducted beneath central Iran. The Eslami Peninsula, as a part of the Zagros Orogenic Belt in Azerbaijan province, northwestern Iran, is situated between the Lake Urmia fore-arc basin and the Sahand Magmatic Arc. This region contains Eocene leucite dikes, trachyte, tephrite, phenolite, basanite and syenite. Volcanic features related to the Sahand are located in the eastern part of the Eslami Peninsula. In view of its relative age and composition, the Eslami Peninsula proposed as an outer arc of the Sahand Magmatic Arc that formed within the post-collisional setting of the central Iranian and Arabian plates. After subduction and contact of the two plates, a symmetric pop-up structure has been created by thrusting in the Zagros belt as a result of the collision processes. The injesction of dikes in the Eslami Peninsula is also a result of the continent continent collision.展开更多
Application of“bioactive materials”,as a modified version of biomaterials,can optimize the response of the biological system due to their surface reactivity and formation of strong interactions with the adjacent tis...Application of“bioactive materials”,as a modified version of biomaterials,can optimize the response of the biological system due to their surface reactivity and formation of strong interactions with the adjacent tissue upon implantation.However,choosing an appropriate bioactive material that suits to the application and provides the desired mechanical,physical,chemical and biological functionality,as well as understanding the aspects of biological reaction to the biomaterial,in particular immune response,it plays a key role in successful integration of the implant.In this review,we will discuss different bioactive materials including bioactive ceramics,polymers and composites and their applications in drug delivery and scaffold preparation in order to provide an adequate introduction to the recent studies.Considering the necessity of regulation of implant fate for higher biocompatibility,the comprehensive overview to the immune response will be reviewed with the focus on representing the cell-biomaterial interactions and more importantly,the inflammatory responses.Ultimately,we will also discuss about different approaches namely as immunomodulation to elicit the desired physiochemical properties and mimicking native cellular response using bioactive compounds,functionalizing the implant surface with active molecules and alteration of the surface morphology.With better understanding of bioactive materials and their interactions with body,more novel biomaterials representing desired properties can be designed.展开更多
Direct oxidation is a simple and effective method for titanium surface treatment.In this research,a titanium sample was directly oxidized at the high temperature in two different atmospheres,air and pure oxygen,to obt...Direct oxidation is a simple and effective method for titanium surface treatment.In this research,a titanium sample was directly oxidized at the high temperature in two different atmospheres,air and pure oxygen,to obtain better atmosphere for titanium surface treatment.The results of the Raman spectroscopy indicated that in both atmospheres,the rutile bioactive phase(TiO2)has been formed on the titanium surface.The results of X-ray diffraction(XRD)also revealed that the surface of oxygen-treated sample was composed of the rutile phase and titanium monoxide(TiO),while at the surface of the air-treated sample,the rutile phase and titanium dioxide had been formed.Further,the results of Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy(FE-SEM)showed that by the surface treatment of titanium in both atmospheres,some micro-features including cracks thinner than 30 nm were formed on the surface.Because of more apatite forming ability and fewer water contact angle and more L-929 cell attachment of the air-treated titanium,it seemed that air,in comparison to the pure oxygen,is more promising atmosphere for the direct oxidation of titanium and improving its biofunctionalization.展开更多
基金The support of Urmia University and facilities provided by the Geology Department
文摘Ancient subduction zones are characterized by metamorphic and orogenic belts. The Zagros Orogenic Belt comprises almost all sections of an ancient subduction zone along which Neo-Tethyan oceanic crust was subducted beneath central Iran. The Eslami Peninsula, as a part of the Zagros Orogenic Belt in Azerbaijan province, northwestern Iran, is situated between the Lake Urmia fore-arc basin and the Sahand Magmatic Arc. This region contains Eocene leucite dikes, trachyte, tephrite, phenolite, basanite and syenite. Volcanic features related to the Sahand are located in the eastern part of the Eslami Peninsula. In view of its relative age and composition, the Eslami Peninsula proposed as an outer arc of the Sahand Magmatic Arc that formed within the post-collisional setting of the central Iranian and Arabian plates. After subduction and contact of the two plates, a symmetric pop-up structure has been created by thrusting in the Zagros belt as a result of the collision processes. The injesction of dikes in the Eslami Peninsula is also a result of the continent continent collision.
文摘Application of“bioactive materials”,as a modified version of biomaterials,can optimize the response of the biological system due to their surface reactivity and formation of strong interactions with the adjacent tissue upon implantation.However,choosing an appropriate bioactive material that suits to the application and provides the desired mechanical,physical,chemical and biological functionality,as well as understanding the aspects of biological reaction to the biomaterial,in particular immune response,it plays a key role in successful integration of the implant.In this review,we will discuss different bioactive materials including bioactive ceramics,polymers and composites and their applications in drug delivery and scaffold preparation in order to provide an adequate introduction to the recent studies.Considering the necessity of regulation of implant fate for higher biocompatibility,the comprehensive overview to the immune response will be reviewed with the focus on representing the cell-biomaterial interactions and more importantly,the inflammatory responses.Ultimately,we will also discuss about different approaches namely as immunomodulation to elicit the desired physiochemical properties and mimicking native cellular response using bioactive compounds,functionalizing the implant surface with active molecules and alteration of the surface morphology.With better understanding of bioactive materials and their interactions with body,more novel biomaterials representing desired properties can be designed.
文摘Direct oxidation is a simple and effective method for titanium surface treatment.In this research,a titanium sample was directly oxidized at the high temperature in two different atmospheres,air and pure oxygen,to obtain better atmosphere for titanium surface treatment.The results of the Raman spectroscopy indicated that in both atmospheres,the rutile bioactive phase(TiO2)has been formed on the titanium surface.The results of X-ray diffraction(XRD)also revealed that the surface of oxygen-treated sample was composed of the rutile phase and titanium monoxide(TiO),while at the surface of the air-treated sample,the rutile phase and titanium dioxide had been formed.Further,the results of Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy(FE-SEM)showed that by the surface treatment of titanium in both atmospheres,some micro-features including cracks thinner than 30 nm were formed on the surface.Because of more apatite forming ability and fewer water contact angle and more L-929 cell attachment of the air-treated titanium,it seemed that air,in comparison to the pure oxygen,is more promising atmosphere for the direct oxidation of titanium and improving its biofunctionalization.
