Biological activities of Solanum pseudocapsicum(Solanaceae)against cotton bollworm,Helicoverpa armigera Hübner and armyworm,Spodoptera litura Fabricius(Lepidotera:Noctuidae)

Objective:To evaluate the antifeedant,insecticidal and growth inhibition activities of Solanum pseudocapsicum(S.pseudocapsicum)seed extracts against Spodoptera litura(S.litura)and Helicotverpa armigera(H.armigera).Methods:Hcxane,diethyl cther,dichloromethanc and ethyl acetate seed extracts were prepared and tested for autifeedant,insecticidal and growth inhibitory activities against fourth instar larvae of&litura and H.armigera.Results:Ethyl acetate extract showed promising antifeedant and insecticidal activities against S.litura and H.armigera.Percentage of deformed larvae,pupae and adults were maximum in treatment of ethyl acetate extract.Percentage of successful adult emergence was deteriorated by seeds on extract treated larvae.Conclusions:Ethyl acetate extracts of S.pseudocapsicum,showed higher efficiency of antifeedant,insecticidal and growth inhibition activities.Hence,it can be used to controll agricultural insect pests,S.litura and H.armigera.

Mosquitocidal properties of Solanum trilobatum L.(Solanaceae) leaf extracts against,three important human vector mosquitoes(Diptera:Culicidae)

Objective:To determine the larvicidal and pupicidal activites of Solanum trilobatum(S. trilobatum) leaf extracts against Aedes aegypti(Ae.aegypti),Culex quinquefasciatus(Cx. quinquefasciatus) and Anopheles stephensi(An.stephensi).Methods:The larvicidal and pupucidal was determined at five different concentrations of 50,100,150,200 and 250 ppm.Percentage of larval mortality was assessed after 48 h.Results:Methanol extracts of S.trilobatum was found to be more susceptible against the larvae of Ae.aegypti.Cx.quinquefasciatus and An.stephensi at 250 ppm with a LC_(50) value of 125.43,127.77 and 116.64 ppm respectively.Leaf methanol extracts of S.trilobatum also exhibited pupicidal and adult emergence properties.Conclusions:These results suggested that the leaf extracts of S.Irilobalum showed potential to be used as an ideal ecofriendly approach for the control of the Ae.Aegypti,Cx.quinquefasciatus and An.stephensi.

Antifeedant and insecticidal activities of selected plant extracts against Epilachna beetle, Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Six different indigenous plants were screened for antifeedant and insecticidal activity against fourth instar larvae of Epilachna beetle, Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata, which is a severe pest on brinjal. Among the plants screened, Achyranthes aspera showed higher activity against the selected pest. Ethyl acetate extracts of A. aspera showed higher antifeedant index and insecticidal activity against fourth instar larvae of H. vigintioctopunctata. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed that the presence of alkaloid and quinines in the ethyl acetate extracts indicate higher percentage of activities. Hence, it may suggest its use for controlling the vegetables insect pest, H. vigintioctopunctata.

Bioactivity of Pseudocalymma alliaceum(Lam.)Sandwith(Bignoniaceae)against Spodoptera litura Fabricius and Helicoverpa armigera Hübner(Lepidotera:Noctuidae)

Objective:To evaluate the antifeedant,larvicidal and insect growth inhibitory activities of crude extracts of Pseudocalymma alliaceum tested against fourth instar larvae of Spodoptera litura(S.litura)and Helicoverpa armigera(H.armigera).Methods:Hexane,chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts were prepared and tested for antifeedant,insecticidal and growth inhibitory activities against fourth instar larvae of S.litura and H.armigera.Results:Ethyl acetate extract showed promising antifeedant,insecticidal activity against S.litura and H.armigera.Maximum percentage of deformed larvae,pupae and adults were found on treatment with ethyl acetate extract.Percentage of successful adult emergence was deteriorated by extract treated larvae.Ethyl acetate extracts of Pseudocalymma alliaceum,showed higher percentage of antifeedant,insecticidal and growth inhibition activities.Conclusions:This is the first report on S.litura and H.armigera.Further,the active compounds isolated from the ethyl acetate extracts will be useful for controlling economically important insect pests.