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外源一氧化氮对盐胁迫下高粱种子萌发及淀粉转化的影响 被引量:18
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作者 尹美强 王栋 +8 位作者 王金荣 兰敏 赵娟 董淑琦 宋喜娥 alam sher 原向阳 王玉国 温银元 《中国农业科学》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2019年第22期4119-4128,共10页
【目的】探讨外源一氧化氮(NO)对盐胁迫下高粱种子萌发过程的生理生化调节作用,为揭示甜高粱种子的萌发生理及其化学调控提供理论依据。【方法】以晋甜08-1为试材,用NaCl浓度(mmol·L-1)为0、50、100、150、200、300和400的溶液培... 【目的】探讨外源一氧化氮(NO)对盐胁迫下高粱种子萌发过程的生理生化调节作用,为揭示甜高粱种子的萌发生理及其化学调控提供理论依据。【方法】以晋甜08-1为试材,用NaCl浓度(mmol·L-1)为0、50、100、150、200、300和400的溶液培养高粱种子,通过萌发率确定高粱种子萌发期的耐盐适宜浓度、半致死浓度和极限浓度。用0.05、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.6和0.8 mmol·L-1硝普钠(SNP,NO供体)在25℃黑暗条件下浸种12 h,以150 mmol·L-1的NaCl模拟盐胁迫,在培养36 h统计发芽势,72 h统计发芽率,在5 d时取样测定脯氨酸、丙二醛含量及淀粉转化相关指标。采用二硝基水杨酸法测定淀粉酶活性和还原性糖,蒽酮法测定可溶性糖和淀粉含量,茚三酮显色法测定脯氨酸含量,硫代巴比妥酸显色法测定丙二醛含量。通过对高粱种子发芽率、发芽势及种子吸胀、淀粉酶活性、淀粉及糖含量、脯氨酸等指标进行测定分析,研究外源一氧化氮对盐胁迫下高粱种子萌发及淀粉转化的影响。【结果】NaCl胁迫下高粱种子的萌发受到明显抑制,NaCl浓度大于100 mmol·L-1时高粱种子的萌发率显著降低,150 mmol·L-1 NaCl处理时高粱种子的萌发率为63.17%,400 mmol·L-1 NaCl完全抑制高粱种子萌发。0.05 mmol·L-1的SNP处理能够缓解盐胁迫对种子萌发的抑制,种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数分别比对照高14.44%、12.22%和18.07%(P<0.05);SNP处理使高粱种子中脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量分别增加18.97%和41.43%,从而降低渗透势,促进种子吸水,缓解NaCl造成的渗透胁迫,丙二醛含量显著降低,较NaCl单独处理降低了17.79%。SNP处理还能迅速提高盐胁迫下种子淀粉酶活性,在处理后第1天时就比NaCl处理提高了17.20%,加速淀粉的降解,显著增加可溶性糖和还原性糖含量。在处理的第5天时,SNP+NaCl处理淀粉含量比NaCl处理降低19.17%,可溶性糖和还原性糖的含量分别提高了41.4%和41.0%,差异显著(P<0.05),这为种子萌发提供能量,提高高粱种子萌发期的抗盐性。【结论】外源NO可调节高粱种子萌发期的淀粉酶活性和渗透调节能力,提高其对盐胁迫的抵抗能力,促进种子的萌发。 展开更多
关键词 高粱 盐胁迫 一氧化氮 种子萌发 淀粉转化
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Significance of Chemical Priming on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat under Drought Stress 被引量:1
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作者 alam sher Aaqil khan +4 位作者 Sajid Hussain Li Jin Cai Muhammad Irfan Ahmad Sikandar Ali Jamro Arif Rashid 《American Journal of Plant Sciences》 2017年第6期1339-1344,共6页
Drought is the most important factor limiting plant production in the majority of agricultural crops of the world. Wheat is generally grown on arid-agricultural fields. An experiment was conducted at the Plant physiol... Drought is the most important factor limiting plant production in the majority of agricultural crops of the world. Wheat is generally grown on arid-agricultural fields. An experiment was conducted at the Plant physiology research area, Agronomic Research Institute Faisalabad, during winter 2010-11 to evaluate the effect of drought on wheat variety Lasani 2008. The experiment was comprised of following treatments. T1 Normal moisture (3 IR at CRS, Booting and grain filling), T2 No irrigation (only rainfed) control, T3 water spray (100 ppm), T4 ascorbic acid (100 ppm), T5 salicylic acid (100 ppm), T6 calcium chloride (100 ppm), T7 glycinbetain (100 ppm). According to the resulting data the treatment in which three irrigation were applied produced more no. of tillers (52%), spikelet per spike (41%), spike length (30%), grain per spike (58%), grain yield (54%), biological yield (35%) as compared to control. The treatment in which no irrigation was applied produced less no. of tillers, spikelet per spike, spike length, grain per spike, grain yield, biological yield. Thousand grain weight and harvest index were non significant among all treatments. 展开更多
关键词 WHEAT HORMONAL PRIMING DROUGHT Ascorbic ACID Salicylic ACID Calcium Chloride Glycinbetain
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Evaluation of Wheat Varietal Performance under Different Nitrogen Sources
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作者 Aaqil Khan Ahmad Khan +4 位作者 Jincai Li Muhammad Irfan Ahmad alam sher Arif Rashid Waqar Ali 《American Journal of Plant Sciences》 2017年第3期561-573,共13页
Nitrogen fertilization plays a very important role for crop productivity. New developed wheat varieties need proper fertilization for improved crop productivity. The present study was carried out to quantify, the effe... Nitrogen fertilization plays a very important role for crop productivity. New developed wheat varieties need proper fertilization for improved crop productivity. The present study was carried out to quantify, the effects of nitrogen derived from urea and FYM on the four newly developed wheat varieties i.e. Siran-2009, Ata Habib, Janbaz-2009 and Pirsabak-2008 for yield improvement, quality and soil fertility status. The N treatments were control, 100% of the recommended nitrogen from urea as well as FYM, and 50% from each source. The experiment was carried out at New Developmental Farm, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural University Peshawar Pakistan, during Rabi 2011-2012. Results of the data showed that Janbaz-2009 was more responsive to biological yield (11,011 kg·ha-1), grain yield (4339 kg·ha-1), and nitrogen use efficiency (14.8%), whereas Siran-2010 performed better for grain N contents (2.31%). Plots having both urea and FYM had improved biological yield (11,958 kg·ha-1), and grain yield (4901 kg·ha-1). Urea application had improved straw N contents (0.92%) in addition to Mix application of urea and FYM (0.93%). Mix application of both sources and sole FYM had higher grains N content (2.25%), whereas control plots in addition to mix application had improved nitrogen use efficiency (14.8%). Siran-2010 and Janbaz-2009 performed better in FYM and mix FYM and urea plots for most of the parameters. It was concluded from the experiment that Janbaz-2009 had improved yield and yield components, whereas Siran-2010 had improved the grain N content. Similarly, Mix application of FYM and urea had improved crop productivity, soil fertility and grains as well as straw N content. Thus wheat varieties Janbaz-2009 sown in mix FYM and urea is recommended for general cultivation in agro-climatic condition of Peshawar. 展开更多
关键词 WHEAT (Triticum avestium L.) Yield UREA FARM YARD MANURE
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OILCROP-SUN Model for Nitrogen Management of Diverse Sunflower (<i>Helianthus annus</i>L.) Hybrids Production under Agro-Climatic Conditions of Sargodha, Pakistan
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作者 Muhammad Irfan Ahmad Amjed Ali +4 位作者 Aaqil Khan Sikandar Ali Jamro alam sher Shafeeq-ur Rahman Arif Rashid 《American Journal of Plant Sciences》 2017年第3期412-427,共16页
Decision support system for agro-technology transfer (DSSAT), OIL CROP-SUN Model was used to stimulate the phenology, growth, yield of different two sunflower hybrids. i.e. Hysun-33 and S-78 by applying different nitr... Decision support system for agro-technology transfer (DSSAT), OIL CROP-SUN Model was used to stimulate the phenology, growth, yield of different two sunflower hybrids. i.e. Hysun-33 and S-78 by applying different nitrogen levels. The effect of nitrogen (N) on growth and yield components of different sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids were evaluated under agro-climatic conditions of Sargodha, Pakistan during spring 2013. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement having three replications, keeping cultivars in the main plots and nitrogen levels (0, 45, 90,135 and 180 kg/ha) in sub plots. OIL CROP-SUN Model showed that the model was able to simulate the growth and yield of sunflower with an average of 10.44 error% between observed and simulate achene yield (AY). The result of simulation indicates that nitrogen rate of 180 kg/ha produced highest achene yield in S-78 hybrid as compared to other treatments and Hysun-33 cultivar. 展开更多
关键词 Decision Support System for Agro-Technology Transfer SUNFLOWER Nitrogen ACHENE Yield Crop Modeling
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Nitrogen Management of Diverse Sunflower (<i>Helianthus annus</i>L.) Hybrids Production under Agro-Climatic Conditions of Sargodha, Pakistan
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作者 Muhammad Irfan Ahmad Amjed Ali +5 位作者 Aaqil Khan alam sher Arif Rashid Sikandar Ali Jamro Shafeeq ur-Rahman Saboor Ahmad 《American Journal of Plant Sciences》 2017年第6期1357-1367,共11页
A field study was carried out with the objective to determine the effect of various levels of nitrogen on growth, development, yield and yield components of different sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids i.e. Hysu... A field study was carried out with the objective to determine the effect of various levels of nitrogen on growth, development, yield and yield components of different sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids i.e. Hysun-33 and S-78 were evaluated under agro-climatic conditions of Sargodha, Pakistan during spring 2013. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement having three replications, keeping cultivars in the main plots and N levels in the subplots. The net plot size was 4.2 m × 6 m. The growth parameters such are leaf area, leaf area duration and yield parameters were observed are Days to a thesis, Days to maturity, head diameter (cm), No. of achene’s per head, Achene yield (kg&#183ha-1) and total dry matter (kg). The results showed that increasing the nitrogen rate also increased the No. of achene’s per head, Achene yield (kg&#183ha-1) and total dry matter (kg) in S-78 hybrid where the nitrogen application rate was 180 kg&#183ha-1 as compared to Hysun-33 cultivar. 展开更多
关键词 SUNFLOWER Nitrogen Growth and YIELD
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